“Since” is a versatile word in the English language, often used to indicate a point in time. However, it can also express cause and effect, a function that many IELTS test-takers find tricky. This article will delve into the use of “since” for cause, equipping you with the knowledge and skills to wield it effectively in your IELTS writing and boost your band score.
Consider these examples:
- Since the government implemented stricter environmental regulations, air quality has improved significantly.
- Many students struggle with procrastination since they lack effective time management skills.
- Since online learning offers flexibility and convenience, it has become increasingly popular.
In each of these sentences, “since” explains the reason for the situation described in the main clause.
Understanding “Since” as a Conjunction of Cause
While “since” is commonly used to denote time, it’s important to recognize its role as a conjunction of cause, similar to “because.” However, “since” carries a subtle difference. It often implies that the reason is already known or understood by both the writer and the reader.
Frequency in IELTS
While not as frequent as “because,” “since” for cause does appear in the IELTS writing tasks, particularly in Task 2 essays where you might need to explain reasons or consequences. Understanding its nuanced usage can help you add variety and sophistication to your writing.
Using “Since” for Cause: Formula and Application
The structure for using “since” to express cause is straightforward:
Since [reason], [result].
Let’s break it down:
- Since: This word introduces the reason or cause.
- [Reason]: This clause explains the reason for the situation in the main clause.
- [Result]: This clause describes the outcome or effect.
IELTS Writing Task 2 Example:
Prompt: Some people believe that the government should invest more in public transportation, while others think that it is a waste of money. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Sample Response:
Some argue that government funds should be directed towards other areas like healthcare or education. Since public transportation projects often require substantial financial investments and may take years to complete, they believe the money could be better spent elsewhere.
(Analysis: In this example, “since” effectively connects the reason (high cost and lengthy completion time of public transport projects) to the opinion that government funds could be better utilized in other areas.)
Public Transport Investment
Achieving a Higher Band Score
To elevate your writing and aim for a band 7 or higher, consider these strategies:
- Varied Sentence Structure: Instead of always placing the “since” clause at the beginning, try placing it after the main clause for stylistic variation.
- Example: Online education has gained immense popularity, since it offers unparalleled flexibility.
- Formal Register: Remember that “since” for cause is generally considered more formal than “because.” While both are acceptable, being mindful of the tone can enhance your writing.
- Avoiding Ambiguity: Ensure the meaning is clear when using “since.” In some cases, “because” might be a better choice to avoid any confusion with its temporal meaning.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
A common error is using “since” when the reason is not already understood or when a stronger causal connection is needed.
Incorrect: Many students failed the exam, since the questions were difficult.
Correct: Many students failed the exam because the questions were difficult.
In the incorrect example, “since” implies that the difficulty of the questions was already known, which might not be the case. “Because” provides a more direct and accurate causal link.
Conclusion
Mastering the use of “since” for cause can add a layer of sophistication to your IELTS writing. By understanding its nuances, applying it correctly, and exploring stylistic variations, you can strengthen your writing, express your ideas with greater clarity, and boost your confidence in the IELTS exam. Remember to practice incorporating “since” into your writing to solidify your understanding and refine your skills.
