The Impact of Global Trade on Environmental Policies: A Comprehensive Guide for IELTS Writing Task 2

The interconnectedness of global trade and environmental policies is a topic frequently appearing in IELTS Writing Task 2, reflecting its relevance in today’s globalized world. This essay will delve into this complex relationship, providing a sample answer, vocabulary analysis, and essential tips for crafting a high-scoring IELTS essay.

This topic often intersects with themes like sustainable development, international cooperation, and the role of international organizations, as discussed in articles about the role of international trade agreements in economic development and the influence of international organizations on global policy. Understanding these interconnected issues can strengthen your arguments and demonstrate a broader understanding of the topic.

Here are some potential IELTS Writing Task 2 questions related to this topic:

1. To what extent do the benefits of global trade outweigh its negative environmental consequences?
2. Some people argue that international trade agreements hinder environmental protection efforts. Do you agree or disagree?
3. Discuss the role of global trade in achieving sustainable development goals, considering its environmental impact.

These questions frequently appear in IELTS exams, indicating their significance in contemporary discussions. Expect to encounter similar themes in future tests.

Sample Essay Question

For this guide, we will focus on the following question:

“To what extent do the benefits of global trade outweigh its negative environmental consequences?”

Analysis of the Question

This question requires you to present a balanced analysis of both the advantages and disadvantages of global trade concerning the environment. You need to take a position on whether the benefits outweigh the drawbacks and support your stance with relevant examples and analysis.

Sample Essay

Global trade, the backbone of the modern economy, undoubtedly brings numerous benefits. However, its impact on the environment is a subject of intense debate. While some argue that economic prosperity facilitated by trade eventually leads to better environmental regulations, others contend that the relentless pursuit of economic growth through trade comes at a significant environmental cost. This essay will argue that although global trade can contribute to environmental protection in the long run, its current negative consequences are too substantial to ignore.

On the one hand, proponents of free trade posit that it can indirectly promote environmental protection. As countries prosper through trade, they tend to invest more in environmental regulations and technologies. This argument often aligns with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which suggests that environmental degradation initially rises with economic growth but eventually declines after a certain income threshold is reached. Furthermore, international trade fosters the exchange of eco-friendly technologies and ideas, enabling countries to adopt greener practices. For instance, the widespread adoption of solar panels, a technology initially developed and disseminated through global trade, exemplifies this positive spillover effect.

global trade environmental impact

On the other hand, the negative environmental consequences of global trade are undeniable. The exponential increase in the transportation of goods, fueled by global trade, has led to a surge in greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change. Moreover, the pursuit of cheaper production overseas often results in the exploitation of natural resources and lax environmental regulations in developing countries, a phenomenon known as “environmental dumping.” The deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, driven in part by the global demand for agricultural products, serves as a stark reminder of this issue.

In conclusion, while the potential for global trade to contribute to environmental protection through economic development and technology transfer exists, its immediate negative impact on the environment is too significant to disregard. A more sustainable approach to global trade, one that internalizes environmental costs and prioritizes ethical and sustainable practices, is urgently needed to mitigate the environmental damage and ensure a healthier planet for future generations.

Word Count: 320 words

Key Considerations

• Balanced Argument: Ensure your essay presents both sides of the argument, even if you choose a side.
• Real-world Examples: Use specific examples to illustrate your points, such as the impact of shipping on emissions or the role of trade in deforestation.
• Vocabulary: Employ a range of vocabulary related to trade, the environment, and international relations.
• Coherence and Cohesion: Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas and create a smooth flow of arguments.

Vocabulary

Here are some advanced vocabulary words and phrases that can enhance your IELTS essay on this topic:

1. Environmental dumping (noun): /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl ˈdʌmpɪŋ/ – The practice of exporting polluting industries or waste materials to countries with less stringent environmental regulations.
2. Sustainable development (noun): /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ – Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
3. Environmental regulations (noun): /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃənz/ – Rules and laws implemented by governments to protect the environment.
4. Greenhouse gas emissions (noun): /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɡæs iˈmɪʃənz/ – Gases released into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities, that trap heat and contribute to global warming.
5. Exploitation of natural resources (noun): /ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃən ʌv ˈnætʃrəl ˈriːsɔːrsɪz/ – The overuse or unsustainable use of natural resources, such as forests, minerals, and water.
6. Eco-friendly technologies (noun): /ˈiːkoʊˌfrɛndli tɛkˈnɒlədʒiz/ – Technologies designed to have minimal impact on the environment.
7. International cooperation (noun): /ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl koʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/ – Collaboration between different countries to achieve common goals.
8. Ethical consumerism (noun): /ˈɛθɪkəl kənˈsjuːmərɪzəm/ – The practice of purchasing products and services produced in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. You can read more about this in the context of a global economy here.
9. Climate action (noun): /ˈklaɪmət ˈækʃən/ – Steps taken to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change. Learn more about the role of public policy in climate action here.
10. Internalize environmental costs (verb): /ɪnˈtɜːrnəlaɪz ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl kɒsts/ – To incorporate the environmental costs of production and consumption into market prices.

Conclusion

Writing a strong IELTS essay on the influence of global trade on environmental policies requires a nuanced understanding of the topic, supported by relevant vocabulary and compelling examples. By following the tips outlined in this guide and practicing your writing skills, you can confidently approach this topic and achieve a high band score on your IELTS exam. Remember to explore related themes and issues to enhance the depth and breadth of your arguments.

Consider practicing with these additional questions:

• What are the challenges and opportunities associated with promoting sustainable consumption patterns in the context of global trade?
• How can international agreements effectively address the transboundary nature of environmental problems exacerbated by global trade?