The Reading section of the IELTS exam often incorporates a wide array of contemporary and pertinent issues, making your thorough understanding and readiness crucial. One such topic that has seen increasing relevance is “How Is Climate Change Impacting Global Fisheries?” With climate change being a predominant concern globally, its effects on diverse ecosystems, including marine life and fisheries, have been subjects of rigorous examination. Given the rising prominence of environmentally related subjects in IELTS readings, it’s highly probable that themes akin to this could appear in future exams.

Full-length IELTS Reading Practice on Climate Change Impacting Global Fisheries

Practice Reading Text: Hard Level

How Climate Change is Impacting Global Fisheries

Marine ecosystems globally are undergoing unprecedented transformations due to climate change. These changes significantly impact fish populations and, consequently, global fisheries, which are crucial for the livelihood and food security of millions worldwide.

Firstly, rising ocean temperatures are perhaps the most notable consequence of climate change. Fish species are highly sensitive to temperature changes, and many are migrating towards cooler waters. This migratory shift disrupts established fishing zones, affecting both large-scale commercial fisheries and local small-scale fisheries. For example, cod populations in the North Atlantic have moved further north, leading to decreased catches in traditionally productive areas such as the waters off the northeastern United States.

Ocean Temperature Change

Acidification of the oceans, another result of increased carbon dioxide absorption, poses a substantial threat to the marine environment. Coral reefs, which serve as critical habitats for numerous fish species, face severe bleaching events more frequently. This degradation of coral reefs disrupts the marine biodiversity reliant on these ecosystems, including various commercially important fish species.

Additionally, destructive weather patterns, intensified by climate change, have caused substantial damage to fishing infrastructure. Hurricanes and typhoons have become more frequent and severe, leading to extensive losses in fishing equipment and vessels. This not only interrupts fishing activities but also imposes significant repair costs on fishing communities.

Overfishing exacerbates these climate-induced challenges. Unsustainable fishing practices have diminished fish stocks, leaving populations less resilient to environmental changes. This combination of overfishing and climate change creates a precarious situation for global fisheries, threatening the balance of marine ecosystems and, ultimately, human food security.

In conclusion, climate change instigates a myriad of challenges for global fisheries through rising temperatures, ocean acidification, destructive weather patterns, and the overexploitation of fish populations. Addressing these challenges necessitates a concerted global effort to mitigate climate change effects and promote sustainable fishing practices.

Questions

Multiple Choice

1. What is the primary reason for fish species migrating to cooler waters?
   A. Increased fishing activities
   B. Rising ocean temperatures
   C. Decline in food availability
   D. Increased ocean pollution

2. Which of the following is a direct consequence of ocean acidification mentioned in the passage?
   A. Increased fish populations
   B. Coral reef degradation
   C. Enhanced fishing techniques
   D. Migration of fish species

Identifying Information (True/False/Not Given)

3. Fish populations are completely unaffected by changes in ocean temperature. (True / False / Not Given)
4. Hurricanes have become less frequent due to climate change. (True / False / Not Given)

Matching Headings

5. Match the following headings to the relevant paragraphs from the reading passage.
   • (i) Rising Ocean Temperatures
   • (ii) Impact of Overfishing
   • (iii) Ocean Acidification
   • (iv) Destructive Weather Patterns

Sentence Completion

6. Overfishing has reduced the ____ of fish populations, making them more vulnerable to environmental changes.

Answer Keys

1. B. Rising ocean temperatures
2. B. Coral reef degradation
3. False
4. False
5. • (i) Rising Ocean Temperatures — Paragraph 2
   • (ii) Impact of Overfishing — Paragraph 5
   • (iii) Ocean Acidification — Paragraph 3
   • (iv) Destructive Weather Patterns — Paragraph 4
6. Resilience

Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

• Misunderstanding the general idea of each paragraph: Always look for topic sentences that encapsulate the main idea.
• Confusing facts with opinions: Be clear about what the text states directly versus what it implies or suggests.

Tips

• Skim the passage first to get a general understanding, then go back for a more thorough read.
• Pay attention to keywords and their synonyms; the test often paraphrases the passage in the questions.
• Practice various question types frequently to become familiar with their structures and expectations.

Vocabulary from the Passage

1. Migratory (adjective): /ˈmaɪ.ɡrə.tɔːr.i/ – related to animals moving from one region to another.
2. Acidification (noun): /əˌsɪd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ – the process of becoming acid or more acidic.
3. Biodiversity (noun): /ˌbaɪ.oʊ.daɪˈvɝː.sə.ti/ – the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat.
4. Hurricane (noun): /ˈhʌr.ɪ.kən/ – a severe tropical storm with high winds and heavy rain.
5. Overexploitation (noun): /ˌoʊ.vər.ɪkˌsplɔɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ – excessive use of resources.

Important Grammar Structures

• Present Perfect Tense: Used to describe actions that have taken place at an unspecified time in the past. Examples from the passage include: “Fish species are migrating” and “have caused substantial damage.”
• Passive Voice: Emphasizes the action rather than the subject performing the action. Examples: “are perhaps the most notable consequence” and “is being faced.”
• Third Conditional: Imagines results of past conditions that did not happen. Example: “If fish populations had not migrated…”

Conclusion

Achieving a high score in IELTS Reading requires consistent practice and familiarity with diverse topics, such as climate change’s impact on global fisheries. Approaching your preparation with structured reading exercises, understanding vocabulary, and honing your grammar skills will undoubtedly lead to marked improvements.

Best of luck with your IELTS preparation journey!