The IELTS Reading section is a crucial component of the test, assessing a candidate’s ability to comprehend complex texts and extract relevant information. One topic that has frequently appeared in IELTS Reading passages is “The Impact Of Deforestation On Climate Change.” This subject is not only academically relevant but also addresses a pressing global issue, making it a prime candidate for inclusion in future IELTS exams.
Based on historical data and current trends, the likelihood of encountering a reading passage on deforestation and its climate implications remains high. The topic’s relevance has only increased with growing environmental concerns, suggesting that IELTS test-takers should be well-prepared to tackle such passages.
Let’s dive into a sample IELTS Reading passage on this topic, followed by questions, answers, and valuable insights to help you excel in your IELTS preparation.
Sample IELTS Reading Passage: The Hidden Costs of Deforestation
Passage
Deforestation, the large-scale removal of forests, has emerged as one of the most critical environmental issues of our time. While the immediate consequences of deforestation, such as habitat loss and soil erosion, are widely recognized, its profound impact on climate change is often underestimated. This complex relationship between forest loss and global climate patterns has far-reaching implications for the planet’s future.
Forests play a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate. They act as carbon sinks, absorbing vast amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. This process not only helps to mitigate the greenhouse effect but also contributes to the global carbon cycle. When forests are cleared, whether through burning or logging, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions.
The scale of this problem is staggering. According to recent studies, deforestation accounts for approximately 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions, making it the second-largest source after fossil fuel combustion. This figure becomes even more alarming when considering the rate at which forests are being lost. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that about 7.3 million hectares of forest are lost annually, equivalent to the size of Panama.
Moreover, deforestation alters local and regional weather patterns. Forests influence precipitation through evapotranspiration, the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants. When large areas of forest are removed, this vital process is disrupted, leading to changes in rainfall patterns. In some cases, this can result in increased drought conditions, further exacerbating the environmental impact.
The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” provides a stark example of this phenomenon. Research has shown that deforestation in the Amazon is altering the region’s hydrological cycle, potentially pushing the rainforest towards a tipping point where it could transform into a savanna-like ecosystem. Such a drastic change would have catastrophic consequences not only for local biodiversity but also for global climate regulation.
Efforts to combat deforestation and its impact on climate change have gained momentum in recent years. International initiatives like REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) aim to create financial value for the carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands. Additionally, sustainable forest management practices and reforestation projects are being implemented worldwide to restore lost forest cover.
However, the challenge remains immense. The drivers of deforestation, including agricultural expansion, logging, and urbanization, are deeply entrenched in global economic systems. Addressing these root causes requires a multifaceted approach involving policy changes, technological innovations, and shifts in consumer behavior.
As we grapple with the realities of climate change, understanding and addressing the impact of deforestation becomes increasingly crucial. The fate of our forests is inextricably linked to the stability of our climate, and by extension, to the future of human civilization. Only through concerted global action can we hope to mitigate the hidden costs of deforestation and preserve the vital role of forests in regulating our planet’s climate.
Impact of deforestation on climate
Questions
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What percentage of greenhouse gas emissions is attributed to deforestation?
A) 7.3%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25% -
According to the FAO, how many hectares of forest are lost annually?
A) 7.3 million
B) 15 million
C) 20 million
D) 25 million -
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of deforestation?
A) Habitat loss
B) Soil erosion
C) Ocean acidification
D) Altered weather patterns -
The process by which water is transferred from land to the atmosphere through soil evaporation and plant transpiration is called:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Carbon cycle
C) Evapotranspiration
D) Hydrological cycle -
What is the primary function of forests in relation to climate regulation?
A) They produce oxygen
B) They absorb carbon dioxide
C) They regulate ocean currents
D) They prevent soil erosion -
Which international initiative aims to create financial value for carbon stored in forests?
A) FAO
B) REDD+
C) UNESCO
D) IPCC -
What potential transformation is mentioned for the Amazon rainforest if deforestation continues?
A) It could become a desert
B) It could transform into a savanna-like ecosystem
C) It could turn into a temperate forest
D) It could become a wetland
8-13. Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Deforestation is a major contributor to (8) , second only to fossil fuel combustion. Forests act as (9) , absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. When forests are cleared, the stored carbon is (10) into the atmosphere. Deforestation also affects local and regional (11) by disrupting the process of evapotranspiration. The Amazon rainforest, often called the (12) of the Earth, is at risk of reaching a (13) where it could dramatically change its ecosystem.
Answers and Explanations
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B) 15%
Explanation: The passage states, “According to recent studies, deforestation accounts for approximately 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions.” -
A) 7.3 million
Explanation: The text mentions, “The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that about 7.3 million hectares of forest are lost annually.” -
C) Ocean acidification
Explanation: The passage discusses habitat loss, soil erosion, and altered weather patterns as consequences of deforestation, but ocean acidification is not mentioned. -
C) Evapotranspiration
Explanation: The passage defines evapotranspiration as “the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants.” -
B) They absorb carbon dioxide
Explanation: The text states, “Forests play a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate. They act as carbon sinks, absorbing vast amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis.” -
B) REDD+
Explanation: The passage mentions, “International initiatives like REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) aim to create financial value for the carbon stored in forests.” -
B) It could transform into a savanna-like ecosystem
Explanation: The text states, “Research has shown that deforestation in the Amazon is altering the region’s hydrological cycle, potentially pushing the rainforest towards a tipping point where it could transform into a savanna-like ecosystem.” -
climate change
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carbon sinks
-
released
-
weather patterns
-
lungs
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tipping point
Common Mistakes to Avoid
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Overlooking synonyms: Be aware that the passage may use synonyms or paraphrases of key terms in the questions. For example, “greenhouse gas emissions” and “carbon dioxide emissions” are related concepts.
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Misinterpreting numerical data: Pay close attention to numbers and their context. For instance, distinguishing between the percentage of emissions caused by deforestation and the annual rate of forest loss.
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Falling for distractors: Some answer options may contain information from the passage but not directly answer the question. Always refer back to the specific information requested.
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Ignoring text structure: Understanding the overall structure of the passage can help locate information more quickly. In this case, recognizing that the text moves from general impacts to specific examples and then to solutions.
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Missing implicit information: Some answers require connecting different parts of the text. For example, understanding the link between deforestation and altered weather patterns requires synthesizing information from multiple paragraphs.
Key Vocabulary
- Deforestation: /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ (noun) – The action of clearing a wide area of trees.
- Carbon sink: /ˈkɑːbən sɪŋk/ (noun) – A forest, ocean, or other natural environment viewed in terms of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
- Greenhouse effect: /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɪˌfekt/ (noun) – The trapping of the sun’s warmth in a planet’s lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet’s surface.
- Evapotranspiration: /ɪˌvæpəʊtranspɪˈreɪʃən/ (noun) – The process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.
- Biodiversity: /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ (noun) – The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.
Grammar Focus
Pay attention to the use of conditional sentences in the passage, particularly when discussing potential future scenarios. For example:
“Such a drastic change would have catastrophic consequences not only for local biodiversity but also for global climate regulation.”
This sentence uses the second conditional structure (If + past simple, would + infinitive) to describe a hypothetical future situation and its consequences.
Tips for IELTS Reading Success
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Time management: Allocate your time wisely. Spend about 20 minutes on each passage in the IELTS Reading test.
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Skim and scan: Quickly skim the passage for general understanding, then scan for specific information when answering questions.
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Read questions carefully: Understand exactly what each question is asking before searching for the answer in the text.
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Use context clues: If you encounter unfamiliar words, try to deduce their meaning from the surrounding context.
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Practice regularly: Familiarize yourself with various question types and passage structures by practicing with authentic IELTS materials.
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Improve vocabulary: Build your vocabulary related to common IELTS topics, including environmental issues like deforestation and climate change.
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Stay informed: Keep up with current affairs, especially on topics frequently featured in IELTS, such as environmental issues, technology, and social trends.
By mastering these strategies and continuously practicing, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle any IELTS Reading passage, including those on complex topics like the impact of deforestation on climate change. Remember, success in IELTS Reading comes from a combination of language skills, test-taking strategies, and broad general knowledge.
For more practice and insights on IELTS Reading, check out our related articles on the effects of deforestation on climate change and the impact of deforestation on global warming. These resources will further enhance your understanding and preparation for the IELTS exam.
