Mastering IELTS Writing Task 2: How to Reduce Air Pollution in Urban Centers

Air pollution in urban centers is a pressing issue that frequently appears in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. This topic has been consistently featured in past exams and is likely to remain relevant in future tests due to its global importance. Let’s explore a sample question and provide model essays to help you prepare for this common IELTS Writing Task 2 theme.

Analyzing the Question

Some people believe that the best way to reduce air pollution in cities is to increase the cost of petrol. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

This question focuses on a specific approach to reducing air pollution in urban areas. It requires you to consider the effectiveness of raising petrol prices as a solution and express your opinion on the matter. Let’s break down the key elements:

1. Topic: Reducing air pollution in cities
2. Proposed solution: Increasing the cost of petrol
3. Task: Agree or disagree with the effectiveness of this solution

Now, let’s examine two sample essays that address this question, targeting different band scores.

Sample Essay for Band 8-9

Air pollution in urban centers is a critical issue that demands immediate attention and effective solutions. While some argue that raising petrol prices is the most effective way to combat this problem, I partially agree with this approach, believing it to be one of several necessary measures.

Increasing the cost of petrol can indeed contribute to reducing air pollution in cities. Firstly, higher fuel prices would discourage excessive car usage, prompting people to seek alternative modes of transportation such as public transit, cycling, or walking. This shift would lead to fewer vehicles on the road, thereby decreasing emissions. Secondly, elevated petrol costs could incentivize car manufacturers to invest more heavily in developing fuel-efficient and electric vehicles, further reducing the carbon footprint of urban transportation.

However, relying solely on increased petrol prices may not be sufficient to address the complex issue of urban air pollution comprehensively. Other crucial measures should be implemented in tandem. For instance, improving public transportation infrastructure and making it more accessible and affordable would provide viable alternatives to private car use. Additionally, implementing stricter emissions standards for industries and promoting the use of renewable energy sources in urban areas could significantly contribute to cleaner air.

Moreover, it is essential to consider the potential negative impacts of substantially increasing petrol prices. Such a measure could disproportionately affect lower-income groups who may not have immediate access to alternative transportation options or the means to purchase more fuel-efficient vehicles. This could lead to social inequalities and economic hardships for certain segments of the population.

In conclusion, while increasing the cost of petrol can be an effective tool in reducing air pollution in cities, it should be part of a multifaceted approach. Combining this strategy with investments in public transportation, stricter industrial regulations, and promotion of clean energy would yield more comprehensive and equitable results in the fight against urban air pollution.

(Word count: 298)

Urban air pollution reduction strategies

Sample Essay for Band 6-7

Air pollution in cities is a big problem that needs to be solved quickly. Some people think that making petrol more expensive is the best way to reduce this pollution. I agree that this can help, but I don’t think it’s the only solution.

Increasing petrol prices can definitely help reduce air pollution in cities. When petrol is more expensive, people might drive less and use their cars only when necessary. This means fewer cars on the roads and less pollution from exhaust fumes. Also, higher petrol prices might make people choose more fuel-efficient cars or even electric vehicles, which are better for the environment.

However, just making petrol more expensive is not enough to solve the whole problem. There are other important things we need to do as well. For example, cities should improve their public transportation systems. If buses and trains are cheaper and more convenient, more people will use them instead of driving their own cars. Another good idea is to create more bike lanes and walking paths to encourage people to use these clean ways of getting around.

We should also think about the negative effects of making petrol very expensive. Some people, especially those with lower incomes, might struggle to pay for petrol if the price goes up too much. This could make it hard for them to get to work or take their children to school.

In conclusion, I believe that increasing petrol prices can help reduce air pollution in cities, but it’s not the only solution. We need to combine this with other methods like better public transport and more options for walking and cycling. This way, we can reduce pollution without making life too difficult for people who rely on their cars.

(Word count: 275)

Key Writing Tips

When addressing this topic in IELTS Writing Task 2, consider the following tips to enhance your essay:

1. Structure: Ensure your essay has a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. For band 8-9, aim for a more sophisticated structure with well-developed arguments.

2. Vocabulary: Use a range of vocabulary related to the environment and urban development. For higher bands, incorporate more advanced and specific terms.

3. Grammar: Employ a variety of sentence structures and tenses. Band 8-9 essays should demonstrate complex sentences and perfect grammatical control.

4. Coherence and Cohesion: Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas smoothly. Higher band essays should have seamless paragraph transitions and a clear overall progression of ideas.

5. Task Response: Fully address all parts of the question. Band 8-9 essays should provide a nuanced perspective with well-supported arguments.

Essential Vocabulary

Here are some key terms to remember when writing about reducing air pollution in urban centers:

1. Emissions (noun) /ɪˈmɪʃ.ənz/ – the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation
2. Incentivize (verb) /ɪnˈsen.tɪ.vaɪz/ – to encourage or motivate someone to do something
3. Carbon footprint (noun) /ˈkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/ – the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of activities
4. Renewable energy (noun) /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl ˈen.ə.dʒi/ – energy from a source that is not depleted when used
5. Fuel-efficient (adjective) /ˈfjuː.əl ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/ – using a small amount of fuel
6. Infrastructure (noun) /ˈɪn.frə.strʌk.tʃər/ – the basic systems and services that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively
7. Multifaceted (adjective) /ˌmʌl.tiˈfæs.ɪ.tɪd/ – having many different aspects or features
8. Disproportionately (adverb) /ˌdɪs.prəˈpɔː.ʃən.ət.li/ – in a way that is too large or too small in comparison with something else

Conclusion

Reducing air pollution in urban centers is a crucial topic that is likely to appear in future IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. To prepare effectively, practice writing essays on related themes such as:

• The role of government regulations in controlling industrial emissions
• The impact of urban green spaces on air quality
• The effectiveness of car-free zones in city centers

Remember to structure your essays clearly, use appropriate vocabulary, and provide well-reasoned arguments. Feel free to share your practice essays in the comments section below for feedback and discussion. This active engagement will help you improve your writing skills and prepare more effectively for the IELTS exam.

If you’d like to explore related topics, check out our articles on how urban development affects green spaces and how to support sustainable urban development. These resources will provide additional context and vocabulary to enhance your understanding of urban environmental issues.