Mastering IELTS Writing Task 2: Sample Essays on Urban Planning’s Impact on Social Cohesion

Urban planning and its effects on social cohesion have become increasingly relevant topics in IELTS Writing Task 2 examinations. Based on recent trends and the growing importance of sustainable urban development, we can expect to see more questions related to this theme in future tests. Let’s explore some potential essay questions and provide sample responses to help you prepare effectively.

Some people believe that urban planning can significantly impact social cohesion in cities. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Analyzing the Question

This question asks for your opinion on the relationship between urban planning and social cohesion in cities. Key points to consider:

1. Understand the term “urban planning” – the process of designing and organizing urban spaces and infrastructure.
2. Define “social cohesion” – the strength of relationships and sense of solidarity among members of a community.
3. Consider various aspects of urban planning that might affect social cohesion, such as public spaces, transportation systems, and housing arrangements.
4. Decide on your position – agree, disagree, or partially agree.
5. Provide specific examples and explanations to support your stance.

Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)

Urban planning plays a crucial role in shaping the physical and social landscape of cities, and I strongly agree that it can have a significant impact on social cohesion. Well-designed urban spaces can foster community interactions, promote inclusivity, and strengthen social bonds, while poor planning can lead to isolation and fragmentation.

One of the primary ways urban planning influences social cohesion is through the creation of public spaces. Parks, community centers, and pedestrian-friendly streets provide opportunities for residents to meet, interact, and build relationships. For instance, New York City’s High Line park, an elevated linear park created from a former railroad line, has become a popular gathering space that brings together diverse groups of people, fostering a sense of community in what was once an underutilized area.

How urban planning can create more sustainable cities is another crucial aspect that impacts social cohesion. By designing mixed-use neighborhoods that combine residential, commercial, and recreational spaces, urban planners can create vibrant communities where people can live, work, and socialize in close proximity. This approach reduces commuting times and encourages more face-to-face interactions among residents, strengthening social ties.

Furthermore, thoughtful urban planning can address issues of segregation and inequality, which are significant barriers to social cohesion. By implementing inclusive housing policies and ensuring equitable access to public services and transportation, cities can reduce spatial and social divisions. For example, Singapore’s public housing program, which integrates different ethnic groups and income levels, has been successful in promoting social harmony and national identity.

Urban planning fostering social cohesion

However, it is important to note that urban planning alone cannot guarantee social cohesion. Other factors, such as economic policies, education, and cultural programs, also play crucial roles. Nevertheless, urban planning provides the physical framework within which social interactions occur and can significantly influence the quality and frequency of these interactions.

In conclusion, urban planning has a substantial impact on social cohesion in cities. By creating inclusive public spaces, promoting sustainable development, and addressing issues of segregation, well-designed urban environments can foster stronger communities and more cohesive societies. As cities continue to grow and evolve, it is essential that urban planners prioritize social cohesion in their designs to create more livable and harmonious urban spaces for all residents.

(Word count: 398)

Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)

I agree that urban planning can have a big effect on social cohesion in cities. The way cities are designed can change how people interact and feel connected to their community.

One important way urban planning affects social cohesion is by creating public spaces. Parks and community centers give people places to meet and spend time together. This helps people make friends and feel part of the community. For example, in my city, a new park was built in the center, and now many people go there to relax and talk with others.

Another aspect is how cities are laid out. When shops, houses, and offices are mixed together, it makes it easier for people to meet their neighbors and interact daily. This can make the community feel closer. On the other hand, if different areas are far apart, people might feel isolated and not know their neighbors well.

Why urban green spaces are important for public health is also related to social cohesion. Green spaces not only improve health but also provide places for community activities and social interactions. This can help bring people together and improve community spirit.

Mixed-use urban development promoting community interaction

Transportation is also important. Good public transport can help people from different parts of the city meet and mix. This can increase understanding between different groups. For instance, when my city improved its bus system, more people started using it, and I noticed more diverse groups of people interacting.

However, urban planning is not the only thing that affects social cohesion. Other factors like jobs, education, and cultural events are also important. But urban planning can provide a good foundation for these other factors to work better.

In conclusion, I believe urban planning has a significant impact on social cohesion in cities. By creating good public spaces, mixing different types of buildings, and providing efficient transportation, urban planning can help build stronger and more connected communities. Cities should consider social cohesion when making plans to create better places for people to live.

(Word count: 345)

Explaining the Scores

Band 8-9 Essay:

This essay demonstrates excellent writing skills and a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Key strengths include:

1. Clear position and consistent argument throughout.
2. Well-developed ideas with specific examples (High Line park, Singapore’s housing program).
3. Sophisticated vocabulary and a range of complex sentence structures.
4. Logical organization with clear paragraphing and cohesive devices.
5. Addresses multiple aspects of urban planning and their impact on social cohesion.

Band 6-7 Essay:

This essay shows a good understanding of the topic but with less sophistication than the Band 8-9 essay. Strengths and areas for improvement include:

1. Clear position and relevant ideas, but less fully developed.
2. Some specific examples, but less detailed than the higher band essay.
3. Good vocabulary, but less varied and sophisticated.
4. Logical organization, but with simpler linking words and less complex structures.
5. Addresses key points but with less depth and fewer nuanced arguments.

Key Vocabulary to Remember

1. Urban planning (noun) – /ˈɜːrbən ˈplænɪŋ/ – the process of designing and organizing urban spaces and infrastructure
2. Social cohesion (noun) – /ˈsoʊʃl koʊˈhiːʒn/ – the strength of relationships and sense of solidarity among community members
3. Inclusive (adjective) – /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ – involving all people, regardless of their background or circumstances
4. Segregation (noun) – /ˌseɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn/ – the separation of different groups in a society
5. Mixed-use neighborhoods (noun phrase) – /mɪkst juːz ˈneɪbərhʊdz/ – areas that combine residential, commercial, and recreational spaces
6. Pedestrian-friendly (adjective) – /pəˈdestriən ˈfrendli/ – designed to be safe and convenient for people walking
7. Sustainable development (noun phrase) – /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/ – development that meets present needs without compromising future generations

In conclusion, understanding the impact of urban planning on social cohesion is crucial for success in IELTS Writing Task 2. Practice writing essays on related topics, such as the effects of urban sprawl on city infrastructure or how to manage the impact of urbanization on public health. Consider exploring topics like the role of technology in smart cities or the challenges of preserving cultural heritage in rapidly developing urban areas. Remember to analyze the question carefully, plan your response, and use specific examples to support your arguments. Feel free to share your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and further improvement!