Economic inequality has become a pressing global issue, and its prominence in IELTS Writing Task 2 topics reflects this reality. Based on recent trends, we can expect to see questions related to economic inequality and taxation appearing with increasing frequency in future IELTS exams. Let’s examine a relevant question that has appeared in past tests and explore how to craft effective responses for different band scores.
Some people believe that governments should increase taxes on the wealthy to reduce economic inequality. Others argue that this approach is unfair and could harm economic growth. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Analyzing the Question
This question asks candidates to discuss two opposing viewpoints on using taxation to address economic inequality. It requires a balanced approach, presenting arguments for and against higher taxes on the wealthy, before concluding with a personal opinion. Key aspects to consider include:
- The potential benefits of increased taxes on the wealthy
- Arguments against this approach, including fairness and economic impact
- Alternative methods to reduce economic inequality
- Your own stance on the issue, supported by reasoning
Now, let’s examine sample essays for different band scores, starting with a high-scoring response.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Economic inequality has become a significant concern in many countries, prompting debates on effective solutions. While some advocate for higher taxes on the affluent as a means to bridge the wealth gap, others contend that this approach is unjust and potentially detrimental to economic progress. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.
Proponents of increased taxation on the wealthy argue that it can help redistribute wealth and fund social programs. They contend that the rich have benefited disproportionately from economic growth and should contribute more to society. Higher tax revenues could finance education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects, potentially creating more opportunities for lower-income individuals. Moreover, reducing inequality through taxation might lead to greater social cohesion and political stability.
On the other hand, opponents of this approach argue that it unfairly penalizes success and could stifle innovation and entrepreneurship. They claim that higher taxes might discourage investment and job creation, ultimately harming economic growth. Some also point out that wealthy individuals often find ways to avoid taxes through loopholes or by relocating to lower-tax jurisdictions, potentially reducing the effectiveness of such policies.
In my opinion, while increasing taxes on the wealthy can be part of the solution, it should not be the sole strategy for addressing economic inequality. A more comprehensive approach is needed, combining progressive taxation with other measures such as improving access to quality education, promoting job training programs, and implementing policies to ensure fair wages. Additionally, closing tax loopholes and improving enforcement could make the existing tax system more effective without necessarily raising rates.
In conclusion, tackling economic inequality requires a nuanced approach that balances the need for redistribution with maintaining economic incentives. While higher taxes on the wealthy can play a role, they should be part of a broader strategy that addresses the root causes of inequality and promotes sustainable, inclusive growth.
(Word count: 309)
Economic inequality and taxation debate
Essay Analysis (Band 8-9)
This essay demonstrates excellent writing skills and a sophisticated approach to the topic, warranting a high band score. Here’s why:
Task Response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, discussing both viewpoints and providing a clear personal opinion. It offers a well-developed response with relevant, extended ideas.
Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear progression throughout. Each paragraph has a clear central topic, and ideas are logically sequenced. Cohesive devices are used effectively and appropriately.
Lexical Resource: The essay uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features. Key terms and phrases are used accurately and effectively.
Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay displays a wide range of grammatical structures used flexibly and accurately. There are no noticeable errors, and the writing demonstrates full control over complex language.
Development and Support: Each main idea is well-developed with relevant examples and explanations. The conclusion effectively summarizes the main points and reinforces the writer’s opinion.
Now, let’s examine a sample essay for a lower band score.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
In recent years, the gap between rich and poor has become bigger in many countries. Some people think governments should make rich people pay more taxes to solve this problem, but others say this is not fair and might hurt the economy. I will discuss both sides of this argument.
People who support higher taxes for the wealthy believe it can help make society more equal. They think rich people have too much money and should give more back to help others. The extra tax money could be used for things like better schools and hospitals, which could help poor people have more chances to succeed. Also, if there is less difference between rich and poor, it might make society more peaceful.
However, those against this idea say it’s not fair to punish people for being successful. They worry that if rich people have to pay too much tax, they might not want to start new businesses or invest their money, which could be bad for the economy. Some people also say that rich people might try to avoid paying taxes by moving their money to other countries with lower taxes.
In my opinion, I think raising taxes on the wealthy can help reduce inequality, but it’s not the only solution. Governments should also focus on other ways to help poor people, like providing better education and job training. It’s important to find a balance between making society more equal and keeping the economy strong.
To conclude, the issue of taxing the rich more to reduce economic inequality is complex. While it can have some benefits, it’s important to consider the potential negative effects on the economy. A combination of different approaches is probably the best way to tackle this problem.
(Word count: 295)
Progressive taxation system illustration
Essay Analysis (Band 6-7)
This essay demonstrates good writing skills but has some limitations that place it in the Band 6-7 range. Here’s an analysis of its strengths and weaknesses:
Task Response: The essay addresses all parts of the task, presenting both viewpoints and offering a personal opinion. However, the ideas are less fully developed compared to the Band 8-9 essay.
Coherence and Cohesion: The essay has a clear overall structure, but the use of cohesive devices is less sophisticated. Paragraphing is logical, but ideas within paragraphs could be more clearly linked.
Lexical Resource: The essay uses a sufficient range of vocabulary, but lacks the precision and sophistication of higher band scores. Some attempts at less common vocabulary are present, but not always used with full accuracy.
Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentence structures, generally with good control. There are some minor errors, but they do not impede communication.
Development and Support: Main ideas are relevant and supported, but the level of detail and explanation is less than in the higher band essay. The conclusion summarizes the main points but could offer more insight.
Key Vocabulary
Here are some important vocabulary items from the essays, along with their definitions and parts of speech:
Economic inequality (noun) – /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ɪnɪˈkwɒlɪti/ – The uneven distribution of income and wealth within a society.
Affluent (adjective) – /ˈæfluənt/ – Having a great deal of money; wealthy.
Redistribute (verb) – /ˌriːdɪˈstrɪbjuːt/ – To distribute wealth, property, etc. again or in a different way.
Disproportionately (adverb) – /ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːʃənətli/ – To a degree that is too large or too small in comparison with something else.
Stifle (verb) – /ˈstaɪfəl/ – To prevent something from happening, growing, or developing.
Entrepreneurship (noun) – /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːʃɪp/ – The activity of setting up businesses and taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
Loopholes (noun) – /ˈluːphəʊlz/ – An ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules that allows it to be circumvented.
Progressive taxation (noun) – /prəˈɡresɪv tækˈseɪʃən/ – A tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.
Inclusive growth (noun) – /ɪnˈkluːsɪv ɡrəʊθ/ – Economic growth that creates opportunity for all segments of the population.
Nuanced (adjective) – /ˈnjuːɑːnst/ – Characterized by subtle shades of meaning or expression.
Conclusion
The topic of addressing economic inequality through taxation is likely to remain relevant in future IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. To prepare effectively, consider practicing with similar questions such as:
- Do you think progressive taxation is an effective way to reduce income inequality? Why or why not?
- Some argue that high taxes on the wealthy lead to a “brain drain.” Discuss the potential consequences of this phenomenon on a country’s economy.
- How can governments balance the need for social welfare programs with maintaining a competitive economic environment?
Remember, the key to success in IELTS Writing Task 2 is to address all parts of the question, provide relevant examples and explanations, and demonstrate a strong command of English language skills. Practice writing essays on these topics, focusing on developing your ideas fully and using a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures.
We encourage you to try writing your own essay on the topic discussed in this article. Share your practice essay in the comments section below for feedback and discussion with other learners. This active practice is an excellent way to improve your writing skills and prepare for the IELTS exam.