Tourism’s impact on delicate ecosystems is a recurring topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. This theme has appeared in various forms over the past few years, reflecting growing global concern about sustainable tourism and environmental preservation. Based on current trends, it’s likely to remain a relevant issue in future IELTS exams.
Let’s examine a question that encapsulates this topic:
Some people believe that tourism is having a negative impact on the environment, particularly in fragile ecosystems. Others argue that tourism can actually help protect these areas. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Analyzing the Question
This question requires candidates to:
- Discuss the negative impacts of tourism on fragile ecosystems
- Explore how tourism can potentially protect these areas
- Provide a personal opinion on the issue
It’s crucial to address all parts of the question to achieve a high band score. Let’s look at sample essays for different band scores to understand how to approach this task effectively.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Tourism’s effect on fragile ecosystems is a contentious issue, with valid arguments on both sides. While some contend that tourism degrades these delicate environments, others believe it can serve as a tool for their protection. In my opinion, while tourism does pose significant risks, it can also be harnessed as a powerful force for conservation if managed responsibly.
Those who argue against tourism in fragile ecosystems have compelling reasons. The influx of visitors often leads to habitat destruction, as natural areas are cleared for hotels, roads, and other infrastructure. For instance, the development of coastal resorts has devastated many coral reef ecosystems worldwide. Moreover, tourists can directly harm wildlife through activities like touching coral, feeding animals, or disturbing nesting sites. The increased human presence also results in pollution, from litter to noise, which disrupts the delicate balance of these ecosystems.
On the other hand, proponents of tourism argue that it can be a powerful tool for conservation. When managed sustainably, tourism can provide economic incentives for preserving natural areas. Revenue from ecotourism can fund conservation efforts, research, and educational programs. For example, gorilla tourism in Rwanda has contributed significantly to the protection of these endangered primates and their habitats. Furthermore, tourism can raise awareness about environmental issues, fostering a global community of conservation-minded individuals.
In my view, while the risks of tourism to fragile ecosystems are undeniable, its potential benefits cannot be overlooked. The key lies in implementing strict regulations and sustainable practices. This could include limiting visitor numbers, enforcing protected areas, and educating tourists about responsible behavior. By doing so, we can harness tourism as a tool for conservation while minimizing its negative impacts.
In conclusion, tourism’s impact on fragile ecosystems is complex, with both potential harms and benefits. While it’s crucial to acknowledge and mitigate the risks, I believe that well-managed, sustainable tourism can play a vital role in protecting these precious environments for future generations.
(Word count: 317)
Infographic showing tourism's impact on fragile ecosystems
Explanation of Band 8-9 Score
This essay demonstrates several key features that contribute to a high band score:
Task Achievement: The essay fully addresses all parts of the question, discussing both viewpoints and providing a clear personal opinion.
Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear paragraphing. It uses a range of cohesive devices effectively (e.g., “On the other hand”, “Moreover”, “Furthermore”).
Lexical Resource: The essay uses a wide range of vocabulary accurately and appropriately (e.g., “contentious issue”, “influx of visitors”, “devastating”, “economic incentives”).
Grammatical Range and Accuracy: It demonstrates a wide range of grammatical structures used accurately and flexibly (e.g., complex sentences, passive voice, conditional statements).
Development of Ideas: Each main point is well-developed with relevant examples and explanations.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
Tourism in fragile ecosystems is a topic that many people have different opinions about. Some think it’s bad for the environment, while others say it can help protect these areas. I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
People who think tourism is bad for fragile ecosystems have some good reasons. When too many tourists visit a place, it can damage the environment. For example, they might leave trash or disturb animals. Also, building hotels and roads for tourists can destroy natural habitats. This is especially bad for fragile ecosystems that are already in danger.
However, some people argue that tourism can actually help protect these areas. They say that when tourists visit natural places, they learn about the environment and want to protect it. Also, the money from tourism can be used to fund conservation projects. For instance, in some national parks, the fees from tourists help pay for rangers to protect animals from poachers.
In my opinion, I think tourism can be both good and bad for fragile ecosystems. It depends on how it’s managed. If there are strict rules for tourists and the money is used wisely, tourism can help protect these areas. But if too many tourists are allowed and there are no rules, it can cause a lot of damage.
To conclude, tourism in fragile ecosystems has both positive and negative effects. I believe that with careful management, we can use tourism to help protect these important natural areas while also letting people enjoy and learn from them.
(Word count: 268)
Explanation of Band 6-7 Score
This essay demonstrates several features that place it in the Band 6-7 range:
Task Achievement: The essay addresses all parts of the task, presenting both viewpoints and offering a personal opinion. However, the ideas could be more fully developed.
Coherence and Cohesion: The essay has a clear overall progression, but the use of cohesive devices is somewhat limited and mechanical (e.g., repeated use of “Also”).
Lexical Resource: The vocabulary used is generally appropriate, but lacks the sophistication and range seen in higher band scores. There is some attempt at less common vocabulary (e.g., “conservation projects”, “poachers”).
Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentence structures with generally good control, though there is less variety compared to higher band scores.
Development of Ideas: Main ideas are present and supported, but the level of detail and explanation is not as thorough as in higher band essays.
Diagram illustrating sustainable tourism practices in fragile ecosystems
Key Vocabulary to Remember
Fragile ecosystem (noun) – /ˈfrædʒaɪl ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ – A delicate ecological system easily disturbed by external factors.
Sustainable tourism (noun) – /səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈtʊərɪzəm/ – Tourism that respects both local people and the traveler, cultural heritage and the environment.
Biodiversity (noun) – /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ – The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat.
Conservation (noun) – /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən/ – The protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and important structures and buildings.
Ecotourism (noun) – /ˈiːkəʊtʊərɪzəm/ – Tourism directed toward exotic, often threatened, natural environments, intended to support conservation efforts and observe wildlife.
Environmental impact (noun) – /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl ˈɪmpækt/ – The effect of human activities on the natural environment.
Habitat destruction (noun) – /ˈhæbɪtæt dɪˈstrʌkʃən/ – The process by which natural habitat is damaged or destroyed to the point that it is no longer capable of supporting its native species.
Sustainable development (noun) – /səˈsteɪnəbəl dɪˈveləpmənt/ – Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
By understanding these key terms and concepts, you’ll be better equipped to discuss the complex relationship between tourism and fragile ecosystems in your IELTS Writing Task 2 essay.
In conclusion, the impact of tourism on fragile ecosystems is a multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration. As you prepare for your IELTS exam, practice writing essays on similar topics, such as:
- The role of government in regulating tourism in protected areas
- Balancing economic benefits and environmental protection in tourist destinations
- The responsibility of tourists in preserving natural habitats
Remember to always address all parts of the question, provide relevant examples, and structure your essay logically. Feel free to practice by writing your own essay on this topic and sharing it in the comments section for feedback and discussion.
The impact of technology on mental health is another important topic that often appears in IELTS Writing Task 2. As you continue to prepare, consider exploring how various global issues intersect with environmental concerns, such as how globalization is reshaping global job markets. These interconnected themes can provide valuable insights for your IELTS preparation.