Globalization’s impact on job markets in developing countries is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2. This topic has appeared multiple times in recent years and is likely to continue being relevant due to its global significance. Let’s explore this theme through sample essays for different band scores, focusing on a question that closely resembles those seen in actual IELTS exams.
Analyzing the Question
Some people believe that globalization has a negative effect on local job markets in developing countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
This question requires candidates to discuss their views on globalization’s impact on employment in developing nations. It’s crucial to:
- Clearly state your position (agree, disagree, or partially agree)
- Provide relevant examples and explanations
- Maintain a balanced argument
- Conclude with a summary of your main points
Now, let’s examine sample essays for different band scores.
Sample Essay for Band 8
Globalization, the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence of world economies, has significantly transformed job markets worldwide, particularly in developing countries. While some argue that this phenomenon negatively affects local employment, I partially agree with this statement, as globalization presents both challenges and opportunities for job seekers in emerging economies.
On one hand, globalization can indeed pose threats to local job markets in developing nations. Multinational corporations often outsource labor-intensive jobs to countries with lower wages, which may lead to job losses in developed countries. However, this very process creates employment opportunities in developing nations, albeit often in low-skilled sectors. Additionally, increased competition from global markets can put pressure on local businesses, potentially leading to closures and job losses if these companies fail to adapt to international standards and practices.
Conversely, globalization offers numerous benefits to job markets in developing countries. It facilitates the transfer of technology and knowledge, enabling workers to acquire new skills and expertise. This knowledge transfer can lead to the creation of high-skilled jobs in sectors such as IT, engineering, and research and development. Furthermore, globalization opens up new markets for goods and services produced in developing countries, potentially stimulating economic growth and job creation. The effects of economic globalization on developing countries are often multifaceted, with improved access to education and training being a significant positive outcome.
Moreover, the influx of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a result of globalization can lead to the establishment of new industries and the expansion of existing ones, creating diverse employment opportunities. This diversification can make local job markets more resilient to economic shocks and provide workers with a wider range of career options.
In conclusion, while globalization can present challenges to local job markets in developing countries, its overall impact is a complex interplay of positive and negative effects. The key lies in how nations manage this process, implementing policies that maximize the benefits of global integration while mitigating its potential drawbacks. By focusing on education, skill development, and fostering innovation, developing countries can harness the power of globalization to create more robust and diverse job markets for their citizens.
Globalization's impact on job markets in developing countries
Sample Essay for Band 7
Globalization has become a significant factor influencing economies worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Some individuals argue that this phenomenon negatively impacts local job markets in these nations. While I acknowledge some adverse effects, I believe the overall impact of globalization on employment in developing countries is largely positive.
One primary concern is that globalization can lead to job losses in certain sectors. When multinational companies enter developing markets, they may outcompete local businesses, leading to closures and unemployment. For example, large international retail chains might replace small, family-owned shops, causing job losses in the traditional retail sector. Additionally, the effects of globalization on local employment can sometimes result in a ‘race to the bottom’ in terms of wages and working conditions, as companies seek to reduce costs to remain competitive globally.
However, I believe the benefits of globalization outweigh these drawbacks. Firstly, globalization often brings foreign investment, creating new job opportunities in various sectors. For instance, many developing countries have seen growth in their IT and service industries due to outsourcing from developed nations. This not only creates jobs but also facilitates skill development and technology transfer.
Moreover, globalization expands market access for goods and services produced in developing countries. This increased demand can stimulate economic growth, leading to job creation across multiple sectors. How globalization affects small-scale local businesses can be positive when these businesses find new overseas markets for their products.
In conclusion, while globalization may cause some job losses in traditional sectors, it ultimately creates more opportunities than it eliminates in developing countries. The key is for governments and businesses to adapt to the changing global landscape, focusing on education and skill development to maximize the benefits of globalization for their workforce.
Sample Essay for Band 6
Globalization is changing job markets all over the world, especially in developing countries. Some people think it has a bad effect on local jobs in these countries. I partly agree with this idea because globalization has both good and bad effects on jobs.
On the negative side, globalization can cause some people to lose their jobs. Big international companies sometimes come to developing countries and compete with local businesses. This can make small local shops close down, and the people who worked there lose their jobs. Also, some companies move their factories to other countries where workers are paid less, which can cause job losses.
But globalization also has good effects on jobs in developing countries. It brings new companies and investments, which can create new jobs. For example, many IT companies from rich countries now hire people in developing countries to do work for them. This gives jobs to many people and helps them learn new skills.
Another good thing is that globalization helps countries sell their products to more people around the world. How does globalization impact consumer preferences? It makes more people want to buy things from different countries. This can help businesses in developing countries grow and give more jobs to local people.
In conclusion, I think globalization has both good and bad effects on jobs in developing countries. While some people might lose their jobs because of it, many others can find new and better jobs. It’s important for governments to help people get the right skills for these new jobs.
Effects of globalization on job markets in developing countries
Explanation of Band Scores
Band 8 Essay
This essay demonstrates:
- Clear position and comprehensive coverage of all parts of the task
- Logical organization with clear progression
- Wide range of vocabulary used with flexibility and precision
- Wide range of complex structures used with full flexibility and accuracy
- Cohesive devices used effectively
Band 7 Essay
This essay shows:
- All parts of the task addressed, though some aspects are more fully covered than others
- Clear overall progression, though some paragraphs may be better connected
- Sufficient range of vocabulary for the task, with some less common items used
- A variety of complex structures used, generally with good control
- Cohesive devices used appropriately, though not always with full flexibility
Band 6 Essay
This essay exhibits:
- All parts of the task addressed, but not all equally developed
- Overall clear progression, but occasional lapses in coherence and cohesion
- Adequate range of vocabulary for the task, with some inaccuracies in word choice/form
- Mix of simple and complex sentence forms, with some errors that do not impede communication
- Cohesive devices used, but not always appropriately or accurately
Key Vocabulary to Remember
Globalization (noun) – /ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ – The process of businesses or other organizations developing international influence or starting to operate on an international scale.
Outsource (verb) – /ˈaʊtsɔːs/ – Obtain (goods or a service) by contract from an outside supplier.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (noun) – /ˌfɒrɪn dəˈrekt ɪnˈvestmənt/ – Investment from one country into another, typically by companies rather than governments.
Multinational corporation (noun) – /mʌltɪˈnæʃənl kɔːpəˈreɪʃn/ – A company that operates in several countries.
Economic growth (noun) – /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ɡrəʊθ/ – An increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time.
Interdependence (noun) – /ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns/ – The dependence of two or more people or things on each other.
Adapt (verb) – /əˈdæpt/ – Become adjusted to new conditions.
Stimulate (verb) – /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ – Encourage or arouse interest or enthusiasm in.
Diversification (noun) – /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ – The action of diversifying a business or country’s economy.
Resilient (adjective) – /rɪˈzɪliənt/ – Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.
Conclusion
The impact of globalization on job markets in developing countries is a complex and nuanced topic that frequently appears in IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the various perspectives and using appropriate vocabulary and structures, you can craft a well-argued essay regardless of your position on the issue.
For further practice, consider writing essays on related topics such as:
- The impact of globalization on traditional cultures in developing countries
- The role of education in preparing workers for a globalized job market
- How globalization affects traditional economies in developing nations
Remember to post your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and discussion. This active engagement will help you improve your writing skills and prepare effectively for the IELTS Writing Task 2.
