Buildings often play a significant role in our lives, leaving lasting impressions and memories. In IELTS Speaking exams, describing a building that has made a strong impact is a common topic. This question allows candidates to showcase their descriptive skills, vocabulary, and ability to express personal experiences. Let’s explore how to effectively answer this question and excel in your IELTS Speaking test.

Part 1: Introduction and Interview

In the first part of the IELTS Speaking test, the examiner may ask some general questions about buildings and architecture. Here are some potential questions and sample answers:

1. Do you live in a house or an apartment?
2. What type of buildings do you like?
3. Are there any famous buildings in your city?

Let’s focus on question 2:

Examiner: What type of buildings do you like?

Sample answer (Band 6-7):
“I really enjoy modern buildings with lots of glass and steel. They look so sleek and futuristic. I think they add a nice touch to city skylines and make them more interesting to look at.”

Sample answer (Band 8-9):
“I’m particularly drawn to avant-garde architecture that pushes the boundaries of design. Buildings like the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao or the Sydney Opera House captivate me with their innovative forms and how they seamlessly blend functionality with artistic expression. I find that such structures not only serve their purpose but also become iconic landmarks that define a city’s identity.”

Part 2: Long Turn

In this section, you’ll be given a cue card with a topic and some prompts. Here’s an example related to describing a building:

Describe A Building That Left A Strong Impression On You

You should say:

• What the building is
• Where it is located
• What it looks like
• And explain why it left a strong impression on you

Sample answer (Band 6-7):

“I’d like to talk about the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. It’s a famous iron tower that stands in the center of the city. The tower is really tall and has a unique shape with four legs that come together at the top. It’s painted in a brownish color and has three levels for visitors.

What impressed me most about the Eiffel Tower was its size and the view from the top. When I visited Paris, I was amazed at how big it looked up close. The tower is much taller than I expected, and it dominates the city skyline. When I went up to the observation deck, I could see all of Paris spread out below me. It was an incredible experience that I’ll never forget.

The history of the tower is also interesting. It was built for a World’s Fair in 1889 and wasn’t meant to be permanent. But it became so popular that they decided to keep it. Now it’s the symbol of Paris and one of the most famous buildings in the world.

In short, the Eiffel Tower left a strong impression on me because of its impressive size, the amazing views it offers, and its important place in history and culture.”

Sample answer (Band 8-9):

“I’d like to describe the awe-inspiring Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain. This extraordinary basilica, designed by the renowned architect Antoni Gaudí, is situated in the heart of Barcelona and has been under construction for over a century.

The Sagrada Familia is a masterpiece of modernist architecture, blending Gothic and Art Nouveau styles in a truly unique manner. Its most striking features are the soaring spires that seem to reach for the heavens, adorned with intricate sculptures depicting biblical scenes. The exterior is a symphony of organic forms, with façades that resemble dripping wax or honeycombs, creating an almost otherworldly appearance.

What left an indelible impression on me was the interior of the basilica. As I stepped inside, I was completely overwhelmed by the kaleidoscope of colors streaming through the stained-glass windows. The forest-like columns that support the roof branch out like trees, creating an atmosphere that feels both natural and surreal. The play of light and shadow throughout the day transforms the space, giving it an almost ethereal quality.

The Sagrada Familia resonated with me on multiple levels. Architecturally, it’s a tour de force that pushes the boundaries of what’s possible in building design. Spiritually, even as a non-religious person, I found the space profoundly moving and contemplative. And historically, the fact that it has been a work in progress for generations, with completion expected in 2026, speaks to the enduring power of human vision and perseverance.

In essence, the Sagrada Familia left an indelible mark on my memory due to its groundbreaking design, the emotional response it evoked, and its testament to human creativity and determination. It’s not just a building; it’s a living, evolving work of art that continues to inspire and amaze visitors from around the world.”

Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain

Follow-up questions:

1. How has the building changed since it was first constructed?
2. Do you think the building will be as popular in the future?

Sample answer for question 1 (Band 8-9):

“The Sagrada Familia has undergone significant transformations since its inception. While Gaudí’s original vision remains the guiding principle, modern technology has revolutionized the construction process. Computer-aided design and 3D printing have accelerated progress and allowed for more precise execution of complex forms. The materials used have also evolved, with newer, more durable options being incorporated while still honoring the aesthetic of the original design. Perhaps most notably, the interior, which was once a bare skeleton, now boasts its breathtaking stained glass windows and intricate ceiling work, bringing Gaudí’s dream closer to reality with each passing year.”

Part 3: Two-way Discussion

In this part, the examiner will ask more abstract questions related to the topic. Here are some potential questions and sample answers:

Examiner: How do you think architecture influences a city’s identity?

Sample answer (Band 6-7):
“I think architecture plays a big role in shaping a city’s identity. When people think of famous cities, they often picture well-known buildings like the Eiffel Tower in Paris or the Statue of Liberty in New York. These buildings become symbols of the city and attract tourists from all over the world. The style of buildings in a city can also give it a certain character, like the old colonial buildings in some Asian cities or the modern skyscrapers in places like Dubai.”

Sample answer (Band 8-9):
“Architecture is intrinsically linked to a city’s identity, serving as a tangible manifestation of its history, culture, and aspirations. Iconic structures often become synonymous with their locations, shaping global perceptions and drawing visitors from far and wide. Take Dubai, for instance, where the ambitious, futuristic skyline has transformed it from a desert outpost to a symbol of modernity and innovation.

However, it’s not just about landmark buildings. The overall architectural fabric of a city – from its street layouts to its residential areas – contributes significantly to its character. Cities like Kyoto, with its traditional machiya houses, or Amsterdam, with its distinctive canal houses, derive much of their charm from their architectural coherence.

Moreover, architecture can reflect and influence the social dynamics of a city. The trend towards mixed-use developments and public spaces in modern urban planning, for example, fosters community interaction and can reshape how residents experience their city. In essence, architecture doesn’t just define a city’s skyline; it shapes its very soul.”

Dubai's futuristic skyline showcasing modern architecture

Examiner: Do you think it’s important to preserve old buildings in cities?

Sample answer (Band 6-7):
“Yes, I believe it’s important to keep old buildings in cities. They help us remember our history and show us how people lived in the past. Old buildings often have interesting stories behind them and can teach us about different architectural styles. They also make cities more interesting to look at, instead of having only modern buildings everywhere. However, I understand that sometimes old buildings need to be replaced if they’re not safe or can’t be used anymore.”

Sample answer (Band 8-9):
“Preserving historical architecture in urban landscapes is, in my opinion, crucial for maintaining a city’s cultural continuity and aesthetic diversity. These buildings serve as tangible links to our past, offering invaluable insights into the social, economic, and artistic contexts of different eras. They contribute significantly to a city’s unique character and sense of place, which can be instrumental in fostering civic pride and attracting tourism.

However, the preservation of old buildings often presents a complex challenge. It requires striking a delicate balance between honoring heritage and accommodating the evolving needs of a growing city. The financial implications of maintaining these structures can be substantial, and there’s always the question of adaptive reuse – how to make these buildings relevant and functional in a modern context without compromising their historical integrity.

I believe the solution lies in thoughtful urban planning that integrates old and new. Cities like London and Tokyo exemplify this approach, where cutting-edge architecture coexists harmoniously with historical landmarks, creating a rich, layered urban fabric. This juxtaposition not only preserves history but also creates a dynamic, visually compelling cityscape that reflects both its past and its future aspirations.

Ultimately, while progress is important, obliterating our architectural heritage would be akin to erasing chapters from our collective story. The key is to find innovative ways to celebrate and incorporate these historical elements into our evolving urban narratives.”

Key Vocabulary and Phrases for High Scores

1. Avant-garde /ˌævɒ̃ˈɡɑːd/ (adj): New and experimental ideas in art, architecture, or literature.
   Example: The avant-garde design of the museum challenged traditional architectural norms.

2. Iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ (adj): Very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time.
   Example: The Sydney Opera House is an iconic symbol of Australia.

3. Aesthetic /esˈθetɪk/ (adj): Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
   Example: The building’s aesthetic appeal lies in its clean lines and minimalist design.

4. Innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ (adj): Featuring new methods; advanced and original.
   Example: The architect’s innovative use of sustainable materials set a new standard in eco-friendly construction.

5. Resonated /ˈrezəneɪtɪd/ (v): Evoke or suggest images, memories, and emotions.
   Example: The Gothic cathedral’s soaring arches resonated with visitors, evoking a sense of awe and spirituality.

Tips from an IELTS Examiner

1. Prepare diverse examples: Have a range of buildings in mind, from historical monuments to modern architectural marvels.

2. Practice descriptive language: Use vivid adjectives and specific architectural terms to bring your descriptions to life.

3. Structure your answer: For the long turn, organize your thoughts according to the bullet points provided.

4. Develop your ideas: In Part 3, try to give extended answers with examples and explanations to showcase your English proficiency.

5. Use idiomatic expressions: Incorporate relevant idioms or phrasal verbs naturally to demonstrate language fluency.

Remember, the key to success in IELTS Speaking is not just about what you say, but how you say it. Confidence, fluency, and the ability to express complex ideas clearly are all crucial factors in achieving a high score.

describe a museum you visited as a child

By following these guidelines and practicing regularly, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle any question about buildings or architecture in your IELTS Speaking test. Good luck with your preparation!