Transportation and energy have become increasingly important topics in IELTS Writing Task 2, particularly concerning alternative fuels and sustainable solutions. Recent analysis of past IELTS exams shows this theme appearing in approximately 15% of tasks, often in combination with environmental or technological development questions. Let’s explore one of the most frequently encountered question types on this topic, which has been consistently appearing in recent IELTS exams.
role of public transportation in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Question Analysis
Some people believe that governments should invest heavily in developing alternative fuels for transportation to replace fossil fuels. Others argue that improving public transportation would be a better solution. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
This question requires candidates to:
- Discuss two different approaches to reducing fossil fuel dependency
- Compare the effectiveness of alternative fuels versus public transportation
- Present and justify their own viewpoint
- Provide relevant examples and explanations
Sample Essays
Band 8 Essay (290 words)
The debate between investing in alternative fuel development versus enhancing public transportation systems represents a critical choice in addressing transportation-related environmental challenges. While both approaches have merit, I believe a combined strategy would be most effective.
advantages of renewable energy over fossil fuels
Proponents of alternative fuel development argue that this approach tackles the root cause of transportation emissions. By developing sustainable alternatives like hydrogen fuel cells and advanced biofuels, governments can facilitate a complete transition away from fossil fuels. For instance, Norway’s successful electric vehicle initiative demonstrates how government investment in alternative fuel infrastructure can accelerate adoption of cleaner transportation technologies.
Those favoring public transportation improvements contend that this solution offers immediate and practical benefits. Enhanced public transit systems can significantly reduce individual vehicle usage, leading to immediate decreases in emissions. Cities like Singapore have shown that efficient public transportation networks can dramatically reduce private car dependency and associated pollution.
Should governments prioritize public transportation to reduce urban congestion?
In my view, governments should pursue both strategies simultaneously. While alternative fuel development provides a long-term solution by transforming the energy basis of transportation, improved public transit offers immediate environmental benefits and better accessibility for all citizens. This dual approach ensures both immediate impact and sustainable long-term change.
Band 6.5 Essay (275 words)
The transport sector is facing big problems with fossil fuels, and people have different ideas about how to solve them. Some think governments should spend money on new fuels, while others want better public transport. I will discuss both sides and share my thoughts.
People who support alternative fuels say they are good for the environment. When cars use these new fuels, they make less pollution. For example, electric cars are becoming popular in many countries because they don’t produce harmful gases. This helps make the air cleaner and reduces global warming.
renewable energy vs fossil fuel
On the other hand, supporters of public transport say it is a cheaper solution. When more people use buses and trains, there are fewer cars on the road. This means less traffic and pollution. In big cities like Tokyo, many people use public transport every day, and this helps reduce environmental problems.
I think improving public transport is better because it can help more people quickly. Not everyone can buy cars with alternative fuels because they are expensive. Also, public transport is already available in most places, so making it better is easier than developing new fuels.
Scoring Analysis
Band 8 Essay Features:
- Sophisticated vocabulary usage
- Clear paragraph structure
- Well-developed arguments
- Balanced discussion
- Effective use of examples
- Complex sentence structures
Band 6.5 Essay Features:
- Simple but clear arguments
- Basic vocabulary
- Some development of ideas
- Limited use of complex structures
- Adequate organization
- Basic examples
Key Vocabulary
- Alternative fuels (n.) /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv fjuːəlz/ – non-conventional energy sources
- Infrastructure (n.) /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/ – basic physical systems
- Sustainability (n.) /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ – ability to maintain at a certain level
- Implementation (n.) /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/ – process of putting a plan into action
- Transition (n.) /trænˈzɪʃn/ – process of changing from one state to another
Suggested Practice Topics
- The role of government subsidies in promoting alternative fuel vehicles
- The impact of alternative fuels on rural transportation
- The balance between environmental protection and economic development in transportation
Remember to practice writing these essays and share your attempts in the comments section for feedback and improvement suggestions.