The phrase “as advocated by” might not be a common sight in everyday conversation, but it can be a powerful tool in your IELTS Writing essays, particularly when you need to reference the viewpoints of experts, organizations, or studies. Let’s break down this phrase, understand its nuances, and explore how to wield it effectively to boost your IELTS score.
Here are a few examples of how “as advocated by” can be used in different sections of the IELTS exam:
Writing Task 2:
- Original: Many believe that reducing fossil fuel dependence is crucial for combating climate change.
- Enhanced: The urgent need to transition towards renewable energy sources, as advocated by leading climate scientists, underscores the severity of the climate crisis.
Speaking Part 3:
- Original: Some people say that technology makes education more effective.
- Enhanced: The integration of technology in education, as advocated by numerous educational theorists, can potentially create more engaging and personalized learning experiences.
In both examples, “as advocated by” allows you to attribute a viewpoint or recommendation to a credible source, strengthening your argument and demonstrating a wider range of vocabulary.
Understanding “As Advocated By”
This phrase signals that you’re about to introduce a viewpoint or recommendation that is supported by a particular person, group, or entity.
- “As advocated” means “as supported” or “as recommended.”
- “By” indicates the source of the advocacy.
Using “As Advocated By” Effectively
Formula:
[Statement/Claim] + as advocated by + [Source] + (optional: further context/explanation).
Let’s break down the formula:
- [Statement/Claim]: This is the idea or argument you’re presenting.
- [Source]: This could be an individual (e.g., a renowned scientist), a group (e.g., the World Health Organization), or a body of work (e.g., numerous studies).
- (Optional: further context/explanation): You can choose to add more information about the source’s stance or reasoning.
IELTS Writing Application
“As advocated by” is particularly useful in IELTS Writing Task 2, where you’re expected to present well-supported arguments.
Example:
Prompt: Some people believe that governments should invest heavily in public transportation to reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Body Paragraph:
Proponents of increased public transportation funding, as advocated by urban planners, argue that it not only alleviates traffic but also promotes a more sustainable and equitable transportation system. They highlight that efficient public transport options can reduce reliance on private vehicles, thereby minimizing carbon emissions and fostering a cleaner environment.
Analysis: In this example, “as advocated by urban planners” effectively integrates expert opinion into the argument, strengthening the writer’s stance on the benefits of public transportation investment.
IELTS Speaking Application
While less common in IELTS Speaking, you can still use “as advocated by” strategically, especially in Part 3 where you discuss more abstract and complex issues.
Example:
Examiner: What are the benefits of learning about different cultures?
Candidate: Well, understanding diverse cultures is essential in our increasingly interconnected world. Exposure to different customs and perspectives broadens our horizons and promotes tolerance, as advocated by many sociologists and anthropologists.
Analysis: The candidate effectively uses “as advocated by” to reference expert opinions, demonstrating a wider range of vocabulary and a deeper understanding of the topic.
Public Transport in the City
Achieving a Higher Band Score
- Vary Your Language: Don’t overuse “as advocated by.” Explore synonyms like “as supported by,” “as proposed by,” or “as argued by.”
- Provide Context: After introducing a source, briefly explain their relevance or expertise to add credibility to your argument.
- Be Specific: Instead of generic terms like “experts,” specify the type of experts (e.g., economists, psychologists).
Common Errors to Avoid
- Incorrect Preposition: Ensure you use “by” after “advocated” and not another preposition.
- Lack of Clarity: Make sure the source you’re referencing is clear and relevant to the statement you’re making.
Conclusion
Mastering phrases like “as advocated by” can significantly enhance the sophistication and impact of your language in the IELTS exam. By using this phrase strategically and avoiding common pitfalls, you can effectively integrate expert opinions, bolster your arguments, and demonstrate a wider vocabulary, ultimately paving your way to a higher band score. Remember to practice incorporating this phrase into your writing and speaking, and always strive to express your ideas with clarity, accuracy, and confidence.