The phrase “as defined by” is a crucial grammatical structure frequently encountered in IELTS academic writing and reading sections. This formal expression is particularly valuable when referring to definitions, standards, or criteria established by authoritative sources.
Use of ‘only if’ shares similar characteristics with “as defined by” in terms of establishing conditional relationships in academic writing.
Understanding the Basic Structure
The basic formula for using this phrase is:
[Subject] + [verb] + as defined by + [authority/source]
Examples:
- “Success in academic research, as defined by the university guidelines, requires rigorous methodology and original contributions.”
- “Environmental sustainability, as defined by the UN report, encompasses both ecological preservation and economic viability.”
Application in IELTS Writing Task 1
Similar to Be characterized by + noun, “as defined by” helps create precise academic descriptions in Task 1 responses.
Academic Reports
- “The threshold for significant growth, as defined by the graph parameters, was exceeded in the third quarter.”
- “Population density, as defined by the statistical metrics shown, varies considerably across urban regions.”
Implementation in IELTS Writing Task 2
When discussing complex topics, From the standpoint of can complement “as defined by” to present multiple perspectives.
Essay Examples:
- “Digital literacy, as defined by modern educational standards, extends beyond basic computer skills.”
- “Social progress, as defined by contemporary sociologists, encompasses both economic and cultural development.”
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Similar to considerations in Were it necessary, I would volunteer, proper usage requires attention to detail.
- Incorrect: “As defined by, the government rules state…” (comma misplacement)
- Correct: “The regulatory framework, as defined by the government rules, states…”
Advanced Applications for Higher Band Scores
Like Use of ‘assuming that’ for hypothetical situations, mastering “as defined by” can enhance your writing sophistication.
Band 7+ Examples:
- “The parameters of sustainable development, as defined by the Brundtland Commission, emphasize intergenerational equity.”
- “Professional competence, as defined by industry standards, encompasses both technical expertise and soft skills.”
Practice Exercises
To master this structure, try incorporating it into responses for these common IELTS topics:
- Environmental protection
- Educational standards
- Economic development
- Technological advancement
- Cultural preservation
Remember to maintain appropriate formality and ensure the authority cited is relevant to your argument.