The ability to accurately and effectively attribute information to its source is a crucial skill in academic writing, and the IELTS exam is no exception. One common way to achieve this is through the phrase “as reported by,” along with its various synonyms and related constructions. Mastering these phrases will not only enhance the credibility of your writing but also demonstrate your command of sophisticated grammatical structures, ultimately contributing to a higher band score.
Consider these examples of how “as reported by” might appear in different sections of the IELTS exam:
Listening:
- “The new policy has been met with mixed reactions, as reported by the local newspaper.”
Reading:
- “A recent study, as cited in The Journal of Environmental Science, revealed a strong correlation between air pollution and respiratory illnesses.”
Writing Task 1:
- “The unemployment rate in 2010 was 8%, as shown in the graph.”
Writing Task 2:
- “Some argue that social media has a detrimental effect on mental health, as evidenced by a growing body of research.”
In each of these examples, the phrase “as reported by” (and its variations) serves to clearly indicate the origin of the information being presented. Now, let’s delve deeper into the intricacies of using this phrase effectively.
Understanding “As Reported By”
The phrase “as reported by” is used to introduce information that was originally published or stated elsewhere. It signals to the reader that you are not the primary source of this information but are instead referencing another source.
This phrase is particularly useful in the IELTS exam because it allows you to:
- Demonstrate a wide range of vocabulary: Using synonyms for “as reported by” showcases your lexical resource, a key factor in achieving a high score.
- Improve the flow and cohesion of your writing: Attributing information smoothly and naturally enhances the overall readability of your writing.
- Strengthen your arguments: By referencing credible sources, you provide support for your claims and lend weight to your arguments.
Grammar and Usage
Formula:
As + Reporting Verb (Past Participle) + By + Source
Reporting Verbs: reported, stated, cited, indicated, revealed, shown, suggested, according to, etc.
Source: This could be a specific publication (e.g., The New York Times), an institution (e.g., The World Bank), or a person (e.g., Professor Smith).
Examples:
- According to a recent survey, 70% of teenagers use social media for more than two hours per day.
- The number of people living in poverty has decreased significantly over the past decade, as indicated by data from the United Nations.
- As revealed by the company’s financial reports, profits have been steadily increasing over the last quarter.
Application in IELTS
Writing Task 1:
When describing data in Writing Task 1, you can use “as shown in,” “as illustrated by,” or “according to” to introduce the source of the information.
Example:
“As shown in the chart, there was a dramatic increase in the sales of smartphones between 2010 and 2020.”
Writing Task 2:
In Writing Task 2, you can use these phrases to cite evidence from your own knowledge or from the provided reading materials.
Example:
“Some people believe that globalization leads to cultural homogenization. However, as argued by Professor Jones, globalization can actually foster cultural diversity.”
Achieving a Higher Band Score
To elevate your writing and achieve a higher band score, consider these tips:
- Vary your language: Instead of constantly using “as reported by,” incorporate synonyms like “as cited in,” “according to,” “as indicated by,” “as evidenced by,” and more.
- Choose your sources carefully: Ensure the sources you cite are relevant, credible, and support your arguments effectively.
- Integrate quotations smoothly: If you choose to directly quote your source, make sure to do so grammatically correctly and in a way that flows naturally within your own writing. You can learn more about effective quoting techniques here.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
- Incorrect Verb Tense: Remember to use the past participle form of the reporting verb. For example, “as report by” is incorrect; it should be “as reported by.”
- Misplaced Phrases: Ensure the phrase “as reported by” is placed appropriately within the sentence to maintain clarity and grammatical accuracy.
- Overuse: While using these phrases is important for attribution, avoid overusing them, as it can make your writing sound repetitive. Vary your language and sentence structure to keep your writing engaging.
Conclusion
Mastering the use of “as reported by” and its related constructions is a valuable asset for achieving success in the IELTS exam. By attributing information accurately and effectively, you demonstrate your ability to write clearly, coherently, and with academic integrity. Remember to practice using these phrases in various contexts and pay close attention to grammatical accuracy to enhance your overall writing skills and boost your IELTS score.