Environmental sustainability and economic development have become increasingly important topics in IELTS Writing Task 2. Analysis of past exam questions shows this theme appearing regularly, especially in questions about government policies, urban development, and global challenges. Let’s explore some effective approaches to writing about this critical subject.
Common Question Types and Analysis
The most frequently encountered question formats include:
Some people believe that economic growth is necessary for a country’s development, while others argue that it damages the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Economic growth versus environmental protection debate in modern society
Question Analysis
This question requires candidates to:
- Discuss the relationship between economic growth and environmental impact
- Consider both positive and negative aspects
- Present a clear position with supporting arguments
- Provide relevant examples and solutions
Sample Essays
Band 8 Model Essay
As the world faces increasing environmental challenges, the debate between prioritizing economic growth or environmental protection has become more crucial than ever. While some argue that economic development is essential for national progress, I believe that sustainable approaches can allow both objectives to be achieved simultaneously.
Firstly, economic growth need not come at the expense of environmental degradation. Many developed nations have demonstrated that green technologies and sustainable practices can drive economic expansion while minimizing ecological impact. For instance, Denmark has successfully grown its economy while reducing carbon emissions through significant investments in wind power and energy-efficient industries. Similarly, should countries focus on renewable energy to achieve sustainability? This approach has created new job opportunities while preserving natural resources.
Moreover, environmental protection can itself become a catalyst for economic growth. The renewable energy sector, eco-tourism, and sustainable agriculture have created numerous business opportunities and employment. Countries like Costa Rica have built thriving economies around environmental conservation, proving that prosperity and sustainability can be mutually reinforcing goals.
However, achieving this balance requires careful planning and implementation. Governments must implement strong environmental regulations while providing incentives for businesses to adopt sustainable practices. How can we promote sustainable development through international trade? International cooperation and knowledge sharing are also crucial for developing nations to learn from successful models of sustainable development.
In conclusion, while the challenge of balancing economic growth with environmental protection is complex, it is both necessary and achievable. The future of development lies in finding innovative solutions that promote prosperity while preserving our planet for future generations.
Band 6.5 Model Essay
Economic growth and environmental protection are both important for any country. While some people think we must choose between them, I believe we can have both if we are careful.
Economic growth helps countries become stronger. When economies grow, people get better jobs and can earn more money. This means better education and healthcare for everyone. For example, in China, economic growth has helped millions of people escape poverty.
However, we must also protect nature. Many factories and industries cause pollution and destroy forests. This is very bad for people’s health and for animals. Some countries like Japan show us how to grow the economy while keeping the environment clean by using new technology and strict rules.
We can do several things to have both. First, governments should make laws to stop pollution. Second, companies should use clean energy like solar and wind power. Third, people should recycle more and waste less.
In conclusion, I think we can have both economic growth and a clean environment if we plan carefully and use modern technology. Every country should try to find this balance for a better future.
Scoring Analysis
Band 8 Essay Analysis
- Task Response: Clear position, well-developed arguments
- Coherence and Cohesion: Logical organization, effective paragraphing
- Lexical Resource: Sophisticated vocabulary use
- Grammatical Range: Complex structures, minimal errors
Band 6.5 Essay Analysis
- Task Response: Clear but simpler arguments
- Coherence and Cohesion: Basic organization
- Lexical Resource: Adequate but less sophisticated vocabulary
- Grammatical Range: Mix of simple and complex structures
Key Vocabulary
- sustainable development (n) /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/ – development meeting present needs without compromising future generations
- environmental degradation (n) /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/ – deterioration of the environment
- ecological impact (n) /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈɪmpækt/ – effects on ecosystems
- renewable energy (n) /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/ – energy from natural, replenishable sources
- carbon emissions (n) /ˈkɑːbən ɪˈmɪʃnz/ – release of greenhouse gases
Practice Suggestions
Try writing essays on these related topics:
- The role of individuals versus governments in environmental protection
- Benefits and drawbacks of sustainable urban development
- Impact of technological advancement on environmental conservation
Share your practice essays in the comments for feedback and discussion with other learners.
