The topic of transportation choices, particularly comparing bicycle and car usage, has appeared frequently in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams over the past decade. Based on analysis of past papers and current trends, this theme is likely to remain relevant, especially given growing environmental concerns and urban development challenges.
Analysis of Common Question Types
Recent exam history shows three main question variations on this topic:
In many cities, the use of private cars is increasing while bicycle usage is decreasing. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Comparison of bicycle and car usage in modern urban settings
Question Analysis
This essay prompt requires:
- Evaluation of transportation trends
- Analysis of impacts on society
- Clear position on whether the trend is beneficial or harmful
- Supporting arguments and examples
- Balanced conclusion with recommendations
Sample Essays by Band Score
Band 8.5 Sample Essay
The growing preference for private vehicles over bicycles in urban areas represents a concerning trend that brings more disadvantages than advantages to society. This essay will examine why this development is predominantly negative and suggest potential solutions.
Firstly, the increasing reliance on cars significantly contributes to environmental degradation. Vehicle emissions are a major source of air pollution, releasing harmful greenhouse gases that accelerate climate change. Moreover, the construction of additional roads and parking facilities leads to reduced green spaces and urban sprawl, further damaging local ecosystems.
Secondly, this trend has severe implications for public health. As people choose cars over bicycles, they miss opportunities for regular physical exercise, contributing to rising obesity rates and related health issues. The sedentary lifestyle associated with car dependency has been linked to various cardiovascular diseases and mental health problems.
Urban cyclists promoting sustainable transportation methods
However, proponents argue that cars provide convenience and time efficiency, especially for longer commutes. While this is valid, the societal costs far outweigh these individual benefits. Cities with high bicycle usage, such as Copenhagen and Amsterdam, demonstrate that proper cycling infrastructure can make bicycles a viable alternative even for longer journeys.
In conclusion, the shift from bicycles to private cars represents a negative development that requires immediate attention. Governments should implement policies promoting cycling infrastructure and discourage car usage through measures like congestion pricing and car-free zones.
Band 6.5 Sample Essay
Nowadays, many people prefer to use cars instead of bicycles in cities. I think this is a negative development because it causes many problems for society and the environment.
First, cars create pollution and traffic jams. When too many people drive cars, the air becomes dirty and unhealthy. Also, streets become very crowded, and people waste time sitting in traffic. This is bad for everyone’s health and wastes time.
Second, using cars instead of bicycles makes people less healthy. When people drive everywhere, they don’t get enough exercise. This can make them gain weight and have health problems. Riding a bicycle is good exercise and helps people stay healthy.
However, cars are sometimes necessary. Some people live far from their work or need to carry heavy things. But I think too many people use cars when they don’t really need to.
In conclusion, I believe the increase in car use is mostly negative. The government should try to make it easier for people to use bicycles by building more bike lanes and making cities safer for cyclists.
Scoring Analysis
Band 8.5 Essay:
- Clear position with sophisticated arguments
- Excellent paragraph development
- Advanced vocabulary and complex structures
- Cohesive devices used effectively
- Relevant examples and specific details
Band 6.5 Essay:
- Basic but clear position
- Simple argument structure
- Limited vocabulary range
- Basic linking words
- General examples lacking specificity
Key Vocabulary
- urban sprawl (n) /ˈɜːbən sprɔːl/ – uncontrolled expansion of urban areas
- sedentary (adj) /ˈsed.ən.ter.i/ – characterized by much sitting
- viable (adj) /ˈvaɪ.ə.bəl/ – capable of working successfully
- infrastructure (n) /ˈɪn.frə.strʌk.tʃər/ – basic physical systems of a place
- congestion pricing (n) /kənˈdʒes.tʃən ˈpraɪ.sɪŋ/ – charging vehicles to enter busy areas
For practice, try writing your own essay addressing this topic and share it in the comments. Consider these alternative questions:
- Should governments invest more in bicycle infrastructure than road expansion?
- How can cities encourage more people to switch from cars to bicycles?
