“By Virtue Of” is a powerful phrase that can significantly enhance your IELTS writing and speaking, demonstrating a strong command of sophisticated vocabulary. While it might appear infrequently in the exam, mastering its usage can be a valuable asset. This guide will delve deep into the meaning, usage, and common errors associated with “by virtue of,” equipping you with the knowledge to wield it confidently in your IELTS exam.
Let’s consider a few examples of how “by virtue of” might appear in different sections of the IELTS:
Speaking Part 3: “Some argue that by virtue of technological advancements, future generations will have an easier life. What’s your perspective?”
Writing Task 2: “Many believe that success is achievable by virtue of hard work alone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
Listening Section 4: (From a lecture) “The company gained a competitive edge by virtue of its strategic partnerships and innovative marketing.”
In each of these examples, “by virtue of” is used to express that something happens or is true because of a particular fact or situation.
Understanding “By Virtue Of”
Meaning and Usage
“By virtue of” is a prepositional phrase that means “because of” or “as a result of.” It’s used to show that something happens or is true based on something else. It often highlights a specific quality, characteristic, or circumstance that leads to a particular outcome.
Example:
- By virtue of her extensive experience, Sarah was offered the managerial position. (This means Sarah got the job because of her considerable experience.)
Frequency in IELTS
While not as common as simpler prepositions like “because” or “due to,” “by virtue of” demonstrates a wider vocabulary range and can add a touch of formality and sophistication to your language.
Using “By Virtue Of” Effectively
Formula and Application
By virtue of + [noun phrase] + [comma] + [main clause]
The noun phrase after “by virtue of” states the reason or cause, and the main clause describes the outcome or result.
Example:
By virtue of its central location, the hotel is a popular choice for tourists.
- By virtue of: the prepositional phrase
- its central location: the reason (noun phrase)
- the hotel is a popular choice for tourists: the result (main clause)
Examples in IELTS Contexts
Let’s examine how to effectively incorporate “by virtue of” in different IELTS sections:
1. Writing Task 2:
- Original: “Due to the internet, people have access to vast amounts of information.”
- Enhanced: “By virtue of the internet, individuals now possess access to an unprecedented wealth of information.”
2. Speaking Part 3:
- Original: “Because of globalization, cultures are becoming more and more similar.”
- Enhanced: “By virtue of globalization, we’re witnessing an increasing homogenization of cultures worldwide.”
3. Listening:
When you hear “by virtue of” in the listening test, pay close attention to the information following it as it signals a key reason or factor.
Achieving a Higher Band Score
Using “by virtue of” accurately and appropriately can contribute to a higher band score in these ways:
- Lexical Resource: Demonstrates a wider range of vocabulary and the ability to use less common phrases.
- Grammatical Range and Accuracy: Using complex prepositional phrases correctly showcases your command over grammar.
- Coherence and Cohesion: “By virtue of” can effectively link ideas and create a more sophisticated flow in your writing.
Common Errors and How to Avoid Them
1. Incorrect Preposition: Using prepositions other than “of” after “by virtue.” Remember, it’s always “by virtue of,” not “by virtue with,” “by virtue in,” etc.
2. Redundancy: Using “by virtue of” with phrases that already express causality, leading to redundancy.
- Incorrect: The project was successful by virtue of because of the team’s dedication.
- Correct: The project was successful by virtue of the team’s dedication.
3. Informal Context: “By virtue of” is generally more formal. While acceptable in the speaking test, be mindful of the overall tone of your response.
Conclusion
“By virtue of” is a valuable phrase to add to your IELTS vocabulary arsenal. By understanding its meaning, usage, and potential pitfalls, you can confidently incorporate it into your writing and speaking, showcasing a sophisticated grasp of the English language and boosting your chances of achieving a higher band score. Remember to practice using it in various contexts to solidify your understanding.