As an IELTS instructor with over two decades of experience, I’ve witnessed countless students grapple with the nuances of English grammar, particularly in the Speaking test. A seemingly simple pair of modal verbs, “can” and “can’t,” often trip up even the most dedicated learners. This comprehensive guide aims to demystify their usage, empowering you to speak with confidence and precision on your IELTS journey.

Understanding the Importance of “Can” and “Can’t”

“Can” and “can’t” are modal verbs that express a range of abilities, possibilities, permissions, and requests. In the IELTS Speaking test, using them accurately and naturally is crucial for demonstrating:

• Grammatical Range and Accuracy: A key assessment criterion, showcasing your mastery of fundamental grammatical structures.
• Fluency and Coherence: Using “can” and “can’t” effectively contributes to a smooth and natural flow of speech.
• Vocabulary Resource: Demonstrating your ability to utilize a variety of grammatical structures to express yourself clearly.

Using “Can” and “Can’t” Correctly

1. Expressing Ability

• Can: Used to indicate present ability.

  • Example: “I can speak English fluently.”

• Can’t: Used to indicate lack of present ability.

  • Example: “I can’t speak French, unfortunately.”

2. Indicating Possibility

• Can: Suggests something is possible.

  • Example: “Learning a new language can be challenging, but rewarding.”

• Can’t: Suggests something is impossible.

  • Example: “You can’t learn a language overnight.”

3. Asking for and Giving Permission

• Can: Used to request or grant permission.

  • Example: “Can I use your phone, please?”

• Can’t: Used to deny permission (though “may not” is generally more polite in formal contexts).

  • Example: “You can’t go out now, it’s dinner time.”

4. Making Requests and Offers

• Can: Used for polite requests.

  • Example: “Can you pass the salt, please?”

• Can’t: Used to express an inability to fulfill a request.

  • Example: “I’m sorry, I can’t help you with that right now.”

IELTS Speaking Test Example

“Can” and “Can’t” in IELTS Speaking: Examples and Tips

Let’s look at how “can” and “can’t” might appear in IELTS Speaking questions and responses:

Examiner: “What are some hobbies that people in your country enjoy?”
Candidate: “Well, many people in my country can play a musical instrument, and we also can spend hours enjoying traditional dances. However, we can’t really go skiing or snowboarding because it doesn’t snow much.”

Tips:

• Practice makes perfect: Regularly practice using “can” and “can’t” in different contexts.
• Listen attentively: Pay close attention to how native speakers use these modal verbs in movies, TV shows, and podcasts.
• Think about nuances: Be mindful of the subtle differences in meaning that “can” and “can’t” convey.
• Don’t overuse: While important, aim for a variety of grammatical structures to showcase your range.

Conclusion

Mastering “can” and “can’t” is a small but significant step towards achieving your desired IELTS score. By understanding their various functions and practicing their application, you’ll be well on your way to speaking with greater fluency, accuracy, and confidence. Remember, every bit of effort counts on your path to success!