Income inequality is a recurring topic in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing approximately 2-3 times per year in various forms. Based on analysis of past exam questions, this topic frequently emerges in problem-solution or cause-effect essay formats. Here is one of the most representative questions:
The gap between rich and poor is becoming wider in many countries. What problems does this cause? What measures can governments take to reduce this gap?
Analysis of Question
- Topic: Income inequality and wealth gap
- Task: Dual question requiring:
- Discussion of problems caused by income inequality
- Government solutions to address the issue
- Format: Problem-solution essay
- Key points to cover: Social impacts, economic consequences, policy measures
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8)
The widening economic disparity between affluent and underprivileged segments of society generates numerous societal challenges that require decisive government intervention. This essay will examine the key problems stemming from this inequality and propose concrete policy measures to address them.
The growing wealth gap creates several severe social and economic problems. The most significant issue is the perpetuation of poverty cycles, where limited access to quality education and healthcare prevents lower-income families from improving their circumstances. Additionally, income inequality fuels social unrest and crime rates, as frustrated individuals may resort to illegal activities when legitimate opportunities seem scarce. Furthermore, this disparity can lead to reduced economic growth since a large portion of the population lacks purchasing power, ultimately constraining market dynamics.
To combat these challenges, governments can implement various effective measures. The primary solution involves progressive taxation systems, where higher earners contribute a larger percentage of their income while providing tax relief to lower-income groups. Moreover, governments should prioritize investment in public education and vocational training programs, enabling underprivileged individuals to acquire marketable skills and secure better-paying jobs. Another crucial step is implementing comprehensive social welfare programs that provide essential services like healthcare and housing assistance to vulnerable populations.
In conclusion, while income inequality poses significant societal challenges, governments possess various tools to narrow the wealth gap. Through careful implementation of progressive policies and social support systems, nations can work toward creating more equitable societies.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
The gap between rich and poor people is getting bigger in many countries today. This situation causes many problems and needs government help to fix it.
First, when rich people get richer and poor people stay poor, it makes many problems in society. Poor families cannot pay for good schools or hospitals, so their children might stay poor too. Also, some poor people might steal or do bad things because they need money. When many people are poor, they cannot buy things, which is bad for shops and businesses.
The government can help fix these problems in different ways. They can make rich people pay more tax and help poor people pay less tax. Also, the government should spend more money on schools and job training to help poor people get better jobs. They should also help poor people with things like healthcare and houses.
To conclude, the big gap between rich and poor is a serious problem, but governments can help make it better if they use the right policies.
Score Analysis
Band 8 Essay:
- Task Response: Fully addresses all parts with well-developed ideas
- Coherence: Logical organization with clear progression
- Vocabulary: Advanced terms like “perpetuation,” “underprivileged,” “comprehensive”
- Grammar: Complex structures with minimal errors
Band 6.5 Essay:
- Task Response: Addresses main points but less developed
- Coherence: Basic organization but simpler transitions
- Vocabulary: Simple but accurate vocabulary
- Grammar: Mix of simple and complex sentences with some errors
Key Vocabulary
- perpetuation (n) /pəˌpetʃuˈeɪʃən/ – continuous existence of something
- affluent (adj) /ˈæfluənt/ – wealthy, rich
- disparity (n) /dɪˈsperəti/ – great difference
- underprivileged (adj) /ʌndəˈprɪvəlɪdʒd/ – disadvantaged
- comprehensive (adj) /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ – complete, including all aspects
Consider practicing with this similar topic:
“Some people believe that reducing income inequality should be the government’s main priority. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
Share your practice essays in the comments for feedback and discussion.