As an IELTS instructor with over 20 years of experience, I often encounter students who wonder about the appropriate way to express numbers in their essays. “Can I use numerals, or should I stick to writing them out?” This is a valid concern, as the IELTS exam demands a strong grasp of both language and formatting conventions.
Let’s clarify this common query and explore effective ways to present numerical information in your IELTS writing.
Understanding the Rules: Numbers in IELTS Essays
The good news is there are no strict rules prohibiting the use of numbers in IELTS essays. You are free to use both numerals (1, 2, 3) and words (one, two, three) as you see fit. However, the key lies in consistency and clarity.
Here’s a breakdown:
When to Use Numerals:
- For numbers 10 and above: It’s generally more common and concise to use numerals for larger numbers. For example, “25% of the population” or “150 participants.”
- Dates, times, and years: Stick to numerals for dates (“1998,” “July 4th”), times (“3:00 PM”), and years.
- Statistical data and percentages: Using numerals for statistics maintains clarity and readability. For instance, “The survey showed a 15% increase.”
When to Spell Out Numbers:
- Numbers under 10: It’s generally recommended to spell out numbers less than ten, especially at the beginning of a sentence. For example, “Eight out of ten respondents agreed.”
- Fractions and decimals: While you can use numerals for these, spelling them out can sometimes improve clarity, especially in less formal writing. For instance, “two-thirds” or “three and a half.”
Consistency is Key:
Whichever style you choose, be consistent throughout your essay. Don’t switch back and forth between numerals and words for similar contexts.
Illustrative Examples from IELTS Essays:
Let’s look at some examples:
Instead of: “The government allocated 5 million dollars to the project.”
Write: “The government allocated five million dollars to the project.” (Number at the beginning of the sentence)
Instead of: “12% of students reported experiencing high levels of stress.”
Write: “Twelve percent of students reported experiencing high levels of stress.” (Maintaining consistency with spelling out numbers under ten)
Tips for Success:
- Prioritize Clarity: Your primary goal is to convey information clearly and effectively. Choose the format that best achieves this.
- Read the Instructions: While there’s no explicit rule against numbers, always double-check the instructions for specific formatting guidelines.
- Practice Makes Perfect: The more you write practice essays, the more comfortable you’ll become with applying these guidelines consistently.
In Conclusion:
Remember, using numbers in your IELTS essay isn’t about rigidly adhering to rules but rather about making sound judgments to enhance clarity and readability. By understanding the conventions and practicing regularly, you’ll be well-equipped to present numerical information effectively and confidently on exam day.