The topic of cultural relativism and human rights has appeared frequently in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions, particularly in recent years. Based on analysis of past exam questions, this theme commonly appears in Agree/Disagree or Discussion type essays. Let’s examine a recent actual test question and explore model responses across different band scores.
Question Analysis
Some people believe that there are universal human rights that should apply to all cultures. Others argue that different cultures have different values and human rights are culturally relative. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
This question requires candidates to:
- Discuss both perspectives on universal vs. culturally relative human rights
- Present balanced arguments for each side
- Provide a clear personal stance
- Support ideas with relevant examples
Band 8 Model Essay
Cultural relativism versus universal human rights remains one of the most contentious debates in modern society. While some advocate for globally applicable human rights standards, others maintain that rights should be interpreted through cultural contexts. This essay will examine both perspectives before arguing that certain fundamental human rights should indeed be universal.
Proponents of universal human rights argue that basic human dignities transcend cultural boundaries. They contend that regardless of cultural background, all humans deserve fundamental protections like freedom from torture, right to life, and access to basic education. For instance, the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights serves as a globally recognized framework that establishes minimum standards of human dignity across all societies.
Advocates of cultural relativism counter that Western concepts of human rights cannot be uniformly applied across diverse cultural contexts. They maintain that different societies have developed their own value systems and social structures over centuries. For example, some Asian societies prioritize collective harmony over individual rights, while some traditional communities have unique justice systems that may not align with Western legal frameworks.
However, I believe that while cultural diversity should be respected, certain fundamental human rights must be universally protected. The key is finding balance between preserving cultural identity and ensuring basic human dignity. Modern societies can maintain their unique cultural practices while still adhering to core human rights principles like preventing exploitation, protecting children, and ensuring equal access to justice.
In conclusion, while cultural differences should be acknowledged and respected, they should not justify violations of fundamental human dignities. The international community must work together to establish and protect basic universal rights while remaining sensitive to cultural nuances in their implementation.
Universal human rights protection across different cultures
Band 6.5 Model Essay
The question of whether human rights should be universal or culturally relative is very important today. Some people think human rights should be the same everywhere, but others think different cultures should have different rights. I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
People who support universal human rights think everyone should have the same basic rights. They say things like freedom and safety are important for all humans. For example, they believe no one should be treated badly or hurt, no matter where they live. The UN tries to make rules that all countries should follow about human rights.
On the other hand, some people think human rights depend on culture. They say Western ideas about rights might not work in other places. Different countries have different traditions and ways of life. Like in some countries, the community is more important than individual rights. Also, some traditional societies have their own ways of solving problems.
I think some basic human rights should be universal, but we should also respect different cultures. We can protect important rights like safety and education while still letting cultures keep their traditions. It’s possible to have both universal rights and cultural differences.
To conclude, while cultures are different, some basic human rights should be the same for everyone. But we need to be careful about how we apply these rights in different places.
Essay Analysis
Band 8 Essay Strengths:
- Clear, sophisticated argument structure
- Advanced vocabulary and complex sentences
- Nuanced discussion with specific examples
- Coherent progression of ideas
- Strong academic tone
Band 6.5 Essay Limitations:
- Simpler vocabulary and sentence structures
- Less developed arguments
- More basic examples
- More informal tone
- Limited use of cohesive devices
Key Vocabulary
- cultural relativism (n) /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈrelətɪvɪzəm/ – the principle that beliefs and customs can only be judged within their cultural context
- transcend (v) /trænˈsend/ – to go beyond normal limits
- fundamental (adj) /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/ – forming the base or core of something
- contentious (adj) /kənˈtenʃəs/ – causing or likely to cause disagreement
- dignities (n) /ˈdɪɡnəti/ – the state of being worthy of honor or respect
Suggested Practice Topics
- Should traditional cultural practices be protected even if they conflict with modern human rights standards?
- Do developing nations deserve different human rights standards than developed countries?
- Is it possible to create truly universal human rights standards in a culturally diverse world?
Share your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and discussion.
