Deforestation has consistently appeared as a significant topic in IELTS Writing Task 2, particularly in problem-solution and cause-effect essay types. Based on analysis of past exam papers, this environmental issue appears approximately once every 3-4 months, making it a high-priority topic for IELTS candidates.
For comprehensive preparation, let’s examine one of the most common question types on this subject that has appeared in recent tests:
Some people believe that deforestation is a necessary evil for economic development. Others think protecting forests should be prioritized over economic growth. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Analysis of the Question
This is a discussion + opinion essay that requires:
- Examining both perspectives on deforestation vs. economic development
- Providing balanced arguments for each viewpoint
- Expressing and supporting your personal opinion
- Maintaining relevance throughout the response
Band 8-9 Sample Essay
Climate change and environmental protection have become crucial global concerns, leading to heated debates about the balance between deforestation and its global environmental impact and economic progress. While some argue that forest clearing is essential for development, others maintain that forest preservation should take precedence. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my position.
Proponents of deforestation for economic development cite several compelling arguments. Firstly, clearing forests creates land for agriculture, housing, and industrial development, which are essential for feeding and employing growing populations. Additionally, timber harvesting provides valuable construction materials and creates jobs in logging and processing industries. Countries like Brazil have historically defended their right to develop forest areas, arguing that developed nations underwent similar processes during their industrialization.
However, those prioritizing forest protection present equally valid points. Forests play a vital role in maintaining Earth’s ecological balance by absorbing carbon dioxide, preventing soil erosion, and providing habitats for countless species. Their destruction accelerates climate change and biodiversity loss, leading to long-term economic costs that far outweigh short-term gains. Moreover, forests offer sustainable economic opportunities through ecotourism, carbon credits, and pharmaceutical discoveries.
In my opinion, while economic development is important, it should not come at the expense of irreplaceable forest ecosystems. I believe how to address the challenges of deforestation lies in finding innovative solutions that promote sustainable development. Countries can pursue economic growth through technology, service industries, and sustainable forest management rather than wholesale deforestation. Furthermore, international cooperation and financial support can help developing nations protect their forests while achieving economic objectives.
Band 6-7 Sample Essay
The question of whether deforestation should be allowed for economic development is widely debated today. Some people think it is necessary, while others believe forests must be protected. I will discuss both views and give my opinion.
On one side, people say cutting down forests helps the economy grow. When forests are cleared, the land can be used to build factories, houses, and farms. This creates jobs and helps produce food for people. Also, selling wood from trees gives money to poor countries. Many developing countries say they need to use their forests to become richer, just like rich countries did before.
However, other people think protecting forests is more important than making money. Trees help clean the air and stop climate change by taking in carbon dioxide. They also prevent flooding and give homes to many animals. When we cut down forests, we cause big problems that cost more money to fix later. Some people also make money from forests through tourism and selling medicine made from plants.
I think we should find ways to grow the economy without destroying forests. Modern technology and better education can help countries develop without cutting down so many trees. Rich countries should also help poor countries protect their forests. This way, we can have both economic growth and healthy forests.
Scoring Analysis
Band 8-9 Essay Features:
- Sophisticated vocabulary: “irreplaceable ecosystems,” “ecological balance”
- Complex sentence structures with appropriate linking
- Clear progression of ideas
- Strong academic tone
- Well-developed arguments with specific examples
- Precise grammar control
Band 6-7 Essay Features:
- Good but simpler vocabulary
- Less complex sentence structures
- Basic but clear organization
- More straightforward examples
- Some grammar errors but meaning remains clear
Key Vocabulary
- Deforestation (n) /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ – the cutting down of trees in a large area
- Biodiversity (n) /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsɪti/ – variety of plant and animal life
- Ecological (adj) /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ – relating to the environment
- Sustainable (adj) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – able to continue over time without damaging the environment
- Ecotourism (n) /ˈiːkəʊˌtʊərɪzəm/ – tourism directed toward natural environments
Looking ahead, candidates should prepare for similar topics about What are the most pressing environmental issues facing the world today?. Practice writing essays about forest conservation, sustainable development, and environmental protection. Share your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and improvement suggestions.