The topic of democracy versus autocracy has frequently appeared in IELTS Writing Task 2 examinations, particularly during 2019-2023. Based on analysis of past papers, this theme commonly emerges in Discussion or Argument essay types, reflecting its relevance to global socio-political discourse.
Some people believe that democratic governments are the best way to organize society. Others, however, think there are times when a more autocratic style of government can be beneficial. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Democracy vs Autocracy: Global perspectives and governance systems comparison
Understanding the Question
- Task: Discussion + Opinion
- Key elements: Democratic governments vs autocratic governments
- Focus: Benefits and drawbacks of both systems
- Requirement: Balanced discussion with personal view
Model Essay 1 (Band 8.5)
The debate between democratic and autocratic governance continues to shape global politics, with compelling arguments on both sides. While I believe democracy generally offers the most sustainable path forward, there are specific circumstances where more centralized control may yield certain advantages.
Democratic systems provide numerous benefits for society. The primary advantage is citizen participation in decision-making, which ensures policies reflect the will of the majority while protecting minority rights. Furthermore, democracies typically feature robust checks and balances, preventing power abuse and promoting transparency. For instance, many developed nations demonstrate how democratic processes facilitate peaceful transitions of power and foster innovation through freedom of expression.
However, proponents of autocratic governance argue that it can be more efficient in certain contexts. During crises or rapid development phases, centralized decision-making may enable swift action without bureaucratic delays. Countries like Singapore have shown how strong central leadership can drive economic transformation while maintaining social stability. Additionally, autocratic systems can implement long-term planning without concerns about electoral cycles.
Nevertheless, I contend that democracy’s advantages outweigh its inefficiencies. While autocracies might achieve short-term gains, democratic systems prove more sustainable and adaptable over time. They better accommodate diverse viewpoints, promote peaceful conflict resolution, and foster creativity through open dialogue. Moreover, democratic societies typically demonstrate greater resilience to corruption through institutional accountability.
Democratic institutions and their role in modern governance
Model Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
Different people have different opinions about the best way to govern a country. Some prefer democracy while others think autocratic government can be good sometimes. I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
Democracy has many good points. First, people can vote and choose their leaders. This means the government must listen to what people want. Second, there is more freedom in democratic countries. People can say what they think and start businesses easily. For example, in many Western countries, citizens can protest if they don’t like government policies.
On the other hand, autocratic government can work well sometimes. When there are emergencies like natural disasters, strong leaders can make decisions quickly. Also, some countries have developed fast under strict control. For example, some Asian countries became rich with strong government control over the economy.
I think democracy is better even though it has some problems. It is slower to make decisions, but it is fairer for everyone. Also, democratic countries usually have less corruption because leaders must follow rules. When people have freedom, they can be more creative and help their country grow.
Scoring Analysis
Band 8.5 Essay:
- Task Response: Fully addresses all parts with well-developed ideas
- Coherence/Cohesion: Logical organization, effective paragraphing
- Lexical Resource: Sophisticated vocabulary with natural usage
- Grammar: Complex structures used accurately
Band 6.5 Essay:
- Task Response: Addresses main points but less developed
- Coherence/Cohesion: Basic organization with some logic
- Lexical Resource: Adequate but repetitive vocabulary
- Grammar: Mix of simple and complex structures with errors
Key Vocabulary
- Governance (n) /ˈɡʌvənəns/ – the act of governing
- Bureaucratic (adj) /ˌbjʊərəˈkrætɪk/ – involving complicated rules and processes
- Resilience (n) /rɪˈzɪliəns/ – ability to recover quickly
- Transparent (adj) /trænsˈpærənt/ – open and honest
- Robust (adj) /rəˈbʌst/ – strong and healthy
- Authoritarian (adj) /ɔːˌθɒrɪˈteəriən/ – enforcing strict obedience
- Sustainable (adj) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – able to continue over time
- Accountability (n) /əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/ – responsibility to someone/something
For practice, try writing your own essay addressing this topic and share it in the comments. Consider exploring related topics like “Role of Media in Democracy” or “Economic Growth under Different Political Systems” for additional practice.
