Dependent clauses of concession are crucial grammatical structures that frequently appear in IELTS exams. These clauses express a contrast or unexpected result, adding depth and sophistication to your writing and speaking. Let’s explore how to effectively use them to boost your IELTS score.
Understanding Dependent Clauses of Concession
Dependent clauses of concession are subordinate clauses that express a contrast or an unexpected result in relation to the main clause. They typically begin with words like “although,” “even though,” “despite,” or “in spite of.” These clauses are essential for expressing complex ideas and demonstrating a high level of English proficiency in IELTS.
Here are some examples of how dependent clauses of concession can be used in IELTS-style sentences:
- Although the government has implemented stricter environmental regulations, air pollution in major cities remains a significant problem.
- Even though renewable energy sources are becoming more affordable, many countries still rely heavily on fossil fuels.
- Despite the economic challenges, the country has made substantial progress in reducing poverty rates.
- In spite of the intense competition, the small business managed to thrive in the market.
- Notwithstanding the cultural differences, the international team worked together harmoniously on the project.
In each of these examples, the dependent clause of concession (in bold) introduces a contrasting idea to the main clause, showcasing the ability to express complex thoughts – a key skill for achieving a high band score in IELTS.
Grammar and Structure: Mastering Concession Clauses
To effectively use dependent clauses of concession in IELTS, it’s crucial to understand their structure and usage. Here’s the basic formula:
[Concession word/phrase] + [subject] + [verb], [main clause]
Let’s break down this structure with more examples and analyze how they can be applied in different sections of the IELTS test:
Writing Task 2
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“Although technology has made communication easier, it has also led to decreased face-to-face interactions.”
- Concession word: Although
- Subject: technology
- Verb: has made
- Main clause: it has also led to decreased face-to-face interactions
-
“Even though the cost of renewable energy is decreasing, many countries continue to rely on fossil fuels.”
- Concession phrase: Even though
- Subject: the cost of renewable energy
- Verb: is decreasing
- Main clause: many countries continue to rely on fossil fuels
Speaking Part 3
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“Despite the challenges I faced, I managed to complete my degree on time.”
- Concession word: Despite
- Subject: the challenges
- Verb: faced (implied)
- Main clause: I managed to complete my degree on time
-
“In spite of the economic recession, our company has seen growth in the past year.”
- Concession phrase: In spite of
- Subject: the economic recession
- Verb: (implied)
- Main clause: our company has seen growth in the past year
Reading Comprehension
- “Notwithstanding the initial skepticism, the new treatment has shown promising results in clinical trials.”
- Concession word: Notwithstanding
- Subject: the initial skepticism
- Verb: (implied)
- Main clause: the new treatment has shown promising results in clinical trials
By mastering these structures, you can effectively express complex ideas and demonstrate a high level of grammatical control in your IELTS responses.
Applying Concession Clauses in IELTS Tasks
Now, let’s look at how to apply these clauses effectively in different parts of the IELTS test:
Writing Task 2 Sample Paragraph
Here’s an example of how to use dependent clauses of concession in a Writing Task 2 essay:
“Although many argue that globalization has led to cultural homogenization, it has also promoted cultural exchange and understanding. Despite the prevalence of global brands and products, local traditions and customs continue to thrive in many parts of the world. Even though some fear the loss of cultural identity, globalization has, in many cases, led to a renewed interest in preserving and celebrating diverse cultural heritage.”
In this paragraph, the concession clauses allow for a nuanced discussion of the topic, showing the ability to consider multiple perspectives – a key factor in achieving a high band score in IELTS Writing.
Speaking Part 2 Sample Answer
For a Speaking Part 2 task about describing a challenge you’ve faced, you might say:
“Despite initially feeling overwhelmed by the project’s scope, I managed to break it down into manageable tasks. Although I encountered several setbacks along the way, each one taught me valuable lessons about problem-solving and perseverance. Even though it was one of the most difficult experiences of my career, I’m proud of what I accomplished and how much I grew professionally.”
Using these clauses in your speaking demonstrates a high level of fluency and the ability to express complex ideas clearly.
Advancing Your Use of Concession Clauses for Higher Band Scores
To achieve higher band scores (7-9) in IELTS, it’s important to use concession clauses not only correctly but also with sophistication. Here are some advanced techniques:
-
Combine with other complex structures:
“Not only did I complete the project on time, but I also exceeded expectations, despite the limited resources available.” -
Use less common concession words:
“Notwithstanding the economic downturn, the company managed to increase its market share.” -
Vary the position of the concession clause:
“The team succeeded, although the odds were stacked against them.” -
Use concession clauses in questions:
“Even though renewable energy is becoming more affordable, why do you think many countries still rely on fossil fuels?” -
Employ concession clauses with participle phrases:
“Despite being a newcomer to the industry, the startup quickly gained a significant market share.”
These advanced uses demonstrate a high level of grammatical control and vocabulary, key factors in achieving top band scores in IELTS.
Common Errors to Avoid
When using dependent clauses of concession, IELTS test-takers often make the following mistakes:
-
Incorrect word order:
Incorrect: “Although the rain was heavy, but we decided to go out.”
Correct: “Although the rain was heavy, we decided to go out.” -
Using the wrong tense:
Incorrect: “Despite she studied hard, she failed the exam.”
Correct: “Despite studying hard, she failed the exam.” or “Although she studied hard, she failed the exam.” -
Overusing concession clauses:
While these clauses are useful, overusing them can make your writing or speaking sound repetitive. Vary your sentence structures for better flow. -
Misusing prepositions with certain concession words:
Incorrect: “Despite of the challenges, we succeeded.”
Correct: “Despite the challenges, we succeeded.” or “In spite of the challenges, we succeeded.” -
Forgetting to complete the contrast:
Incorrect: “Although the project was difficult.”
Correct: “Although the project was difficult, we completed it on time.”
By avoiding these common errors, you can ensure that your use of concession clauses enhances rather than detracts from your IELTS performance.
Conclusion
Mastering dependent clauses of concession is a powerful way to elevate your IELTS performance. These structures allow you to express complex ideas, demonstrate sophisticated grammar, and showcase your ability to discuss topics from multiple angles. Practice incorporating them into your writing and speaking, paying attention to correct usage and advanced applications. Remember, the key to success in IELTS is not just using these structures, but using them effectively and appropriately to convey your ideas clearly and persuasively.
To further enhance your skills, try practicing with sample IELTS questions that lend themselves to the use of concession clauses, such as:
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city.
- Some people believe that technology is making our lives easier, while others argue it’s making life more complicated. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
- Despite the increasing awareness of environmental issues, many people still don’t take action to protect the environment. Why is this the case, and what can be done to encourage more people to be environmentally responsible?
By tackling these topics using the concession structures we’ve discussed, you’ll be well-prepared to showcase your language skills in the IELTS exam.