How to Describe a Famous Building or Monument in Your Country for IELTS Speaking

As an IELTS examiner, I often encounter questions about famous buildings or monuments in candidates’ home countries. This topic is a popular one in IELTS Speaking tests and is likely to remain so in the future. In this article, I’ll guide you through answering such questions effectively to achieve a high band score.

Part 1: Introduction and Interview

In Part 1, the examiner may ask general questions about buildings or monuments in your country. Here’s an example question with a suggested answer:

Question: Are there any famous buildings or monuments in your hometown?

Sample answer (Band 7-8):
Yes, indeed. My hometown, Hanoi, is home to several iconic landmarks. One of the most renowned is the Tran Quoc Pagoda, which is the oldest Buddhist temple in the city. It’s situated on a small island in West Lake and is known for its beautiful architecture and peaceful atmosphere. Another notable monument is the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, which holds great historical significance for Vietnamese people.

Famous buildings in Hanoi

Part 2: Long Turn

In Part 2, you may receive a cue card like this:

Describe a famous building or monument in your country.
You should say:

• What it is
• Where it is located
• What it looks like
• And explain why it is famous

Here’s a sample answer for Band 7-8:

“I’d like to talk about the iconic Hoan Kiem Lake Tower, also known as the Turtle Tower, which is a symbol of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam.

This historic monument is situated on a small island in the middle of Hoan Kiem Lake, right in the heart of Hanoi’s Old Quarter. The lake itself is a focal point of the city, surrounded by bustling streets and traditional architecture.

The Turtle Tower is a three-story structure built in the traditional Vietnamese architectural style. It stands about 15 meters tall and is characterized by its distinct red-tiled roof with upturned corners, typical of Vietnamese pagodas. The tower’s walls are made of brick and have a yellowish hue, which creates a striking contrast against the green waters of the lake and the blue sky.

This monument is famous for several reasons. Firstly, it’s steeped in legend. According to Vietnamese folklore, a giant golden turtle god emerged from the lake to reclaim a magical sword that had been given to King Le Loi to defeat Chinese invaders in the 15th century. This legend gives the tower and lake their names, as ‘Hoan Kiem’ means ‘returned sword’.

Secondly, the Turtle Tower has become a symbol of Hanoi’s resilience and beauty. It has survived through centuries of history, including periods of war and occupation, standing as a testament to the enduring spirit of the Vietnamese people.

Lastly, its central location and picturesque setting make it one of the most photographed sites in Hanoi. It’s a popular gathering spot for both locals and tourists, especially during festivals or at sunset when the tower is beautifully illuminated.

In essence, the Hoan Kiem Lake Tower is not just a building, but a cultural icon that embodies the history, legends, and spirit of Hanoi and Vietnam as a whole.”

Follow-up questions:

1. Are there any plans to renovate or change this monument?
2. How do locals feel about this monument?

Sample answer (Band 8-9):

“To the best of my knowledge, there are no immediate plans for major renovations or changes to the Turtle Tower. The Vietnamese government and local authorities are highly committed to preserving this historical landmark in its original state. Any maintenance work is typically carried out with great care to maintain the integrity of the structure and its surroundings.

Locals generally hold the Turtle Tower in high regard. It’s seen as a source of pride and a symbol of cultural identity. Many Hanoians have fond memories associated with the tower, whether it’s from childhood visits, romantic evenings by the lake, or simply enjoying its beauty during their daily commute. The tower also plays a significant role in local festivities, particularly during Tet (Vietnamese New Year) when it’s specially decorated and becomes a focal point for celebrations.

Moreover, there’s a strong sense of ownership among the local community. They’re actively involved in keeping the area clean and reporting any issues that might affect the monument. This collective care reflects the deep connection between the people and this cherished landmark.”

Part 3: Two-way Discussion

In Part 3, the examiner might ask more abstract questions related to famous buildings and monuments. Here are some examples:

Question: How do you think famous buildings and monuments contribute to a country’s identity?

Sample answer (Band 8-9):

“Famous buildings and monuments play a crucial role in shaping a country’s identity. They serve as tangible representations of a nation’s history, culture, and values. These landmarks often become symbols of national pride and unity, fostering a sense of shared heritage among citizens.

Moreover, iconic structures can put a country on the global map, attracting international attention and tourism. For instance, the Eiffel Tower in France or the Taj Mahal in India have become synonymous with their respective nations, instantly recognizable worldwide. This recognition not only boosts tourism but also enhances the country’s soft power and cultural influence on the global stage.

Furthermore, these structures often embody architectural and engineering prowess, showcasing a nation’s technological advancements and artistic capabilities. They can serve as inspirations for future generations, encouraging innovation and creativity in various fields.

However, it’s important to note that a country’s identity is multifaceted and not solely defined by its architectural landmarks. While these structures are significant, they should be seen as part of a broader cultural tapestry that includes language, traditions, cuisine, and social values.”

Question: Do you think it’s important for countries to invest in preserving historical buildings and monuments?

Sample answer (Band 8-9):

“I firmly believe that investing in the preservation of historical buildings and monuments is of paramount importance for any country. These structures are not mere relics of the past; they are living testimonies to a nation’s journey through time.

Firstly, preserving these landmarks helps maintain a connection with our heritage. They provide tangible links to our ancestors’ lives, struggles, and achievements, fostering a sense of continuity and identity. This connection is crucial for social cohesion and understanding our place in the historical continuum.

Secondly, from an economic perspective, well-preserved historical sites can be significant drivers of tourism. They attract visitors from around the world, contributing to local economies through job creation and revenue generation. This economic benefit can often outweigh the costs of preservation in the long run.

Moreover, these buildings often embody traditional construction techniques and materials that may be lost if not preserved. They serve as valuable resources for architects, engineers, and craftsmen, providing insights into sustainable and locally adapted building practices.

However, it’s important to strike a balance. While preservation is crucial, it shouldn’t come at the expense of modernization and development. The challenge lies in integrating these historical structures into the fabric of evolving cities and societies, ensuring they remain relevant and accessible to contemporary audiences.

In conclusion, investing in the preservation of historical buildings and monuments is not just about maintaining old structures; it’s about safeguarding cultural heritage, boosting economic opportunities, and learning from the past to build a better future.”

Key Vocabulary and Phrases for High Scores

1. Iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ (adjective): Very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time.
   Example: The Eiffel Tower is an iconic symbol of Paris.

2. Renowned /rɪˈnaʊnd/ (adjective): Famous and respected.
   Example: The Louvre is renowned for its extensive art collection.

3. Architectural marvel /ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl ˈmɑːvəl/ (noun phrase): A building that is exceptionally beautiful or impressive in its design and construction.
   Example: The Sagrada Familia in Barcelona is considered an architectural marvel.

4. Cultural significance /ˈkʌltʃərəl sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ (noun phrase): The importance of something in terms of its cultural value or meaning.
   Example: The Great Wall of China holds immense cultural significance for the Chinese people.

5. Steeped in history /stiːpt ɪn ˈhɪstəri/ (idiom): Having a long and rich history.
   Example: The ancient city of Rome is steeped in history, with ruins dating back thousands of years.

6. To stand the test of time (idiom): To remain useful, valid, or valued for a long period.
   Example: The Colosseum has stood the test of time, surviving for nearly 2000 years.

7. Landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/ (noun): An important building or place that is easily recognized.
   Example: Big Ben is a famous landmark in London.

8. Heritage site /ˈherɪtɪdʒ saɪt/ (noun): A place of historical, cultural, or scientific importance that is protected and preserved.
   Example: Machu Picchu in Peru is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Examiner’s Advice

To achieve a high score in the IELTS Speaking test when discussing famous buildings or monuments:

1. Prepare diverse examples: Research various landmarks in your country, not just the most famous ones. This shows depth of knowledge.

2. Practice descriptive language: Use vivid adjectives and specific details to paint a clear picture of the building or monument.

3. Understand cultural context: Be prepared to explain the historical or cultural significance of the landmark.

4. Use advanced vocabulary: Incorporate sophisticated words and phrases related to architecture and culture.

5. Develop your ideas: Don’t just list facts; explain your thoughts and opinions about the building or monument.

6. Stay fluent: Practice speaking about this topic without long pauses or hesitations.

7. Be authentic: While using prepared phrases is good, make sure your responses sound natural and personal.

Remember, the key to success in IELTS Speaking is not just what you say, but how you say it. Confidence, fluency, and the ability to express complex ideas clearly are crucial factors in achieving a high band score.

For more practice on describing places, you might find it helpful to read about how to describe a place in your hometown that has changed over time or how to describe a place in your country that is important to your national identity.