The topic of describing a historical building is a common one in IELTS Speaking tests. It allows examiners to assess your ability to discuss architecture, history, and personal experiences. This topic has appeared frequently in past exams and is likely to remain relevant in future tests. Let’s explore how to approach this topic effectively across all parts of the IELTS Speaking test.
Part 1: Introduction and Interview
In Part 1, the examiner may ask you some general questions about historical buildings. Here are some potential questions and sample answers:
- Do you like visiting historical buildings?
Sample answer (Band 7-8):
“Absolutely! I find historical buildings fascinating. They offer a unique glimpse into the past and help me understand how people lived in different eras. I particularly enjoy examining the architectural styles and imagining the stories behind these structures.”
- What’s the oldest building you’ve ever visited?
Sample answer (Band 8-9):
“The oldest building I’ve had the privilege of visiting is the Colosseum in Rome. It’s an awe-inspiring structure that dates back to 80 AD. What struck me most was its sheer scale and the fact that it has withstood the test of time for nearly two millennia. It’s a testament to Roman engineering and provides invaluable insights into ancient entertainment and social structures.”
Part 2: Long Turn
Here’s a sample cue card for this topic:
Describe a historical building you have visited
You should say:
- What the building was
- Where it was located
- When you visited it
- And explain why you found this building interesting
Sample answer (Band 7-8):
“I’d like to talk about the Taj Mahal, a magnificent historical building I visited in Agra, India, about two years ago. This iconic mausoleum is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in Agra, Uttar Pradesh. It’s surrounded by meticulously manicured gardens and reflects beautifully in the long pool in front of it.
I visited the Taj Mahal during a trip to India in the summer of 2021. I remember waking up before dawn to see the sunrise over the building, which was an absolutely breathtaking experience.
What I found most interesting about the Taj Mahal was its incredible architecture and the love story behind its construction. The intricate marble inlay work, the perfect symmetry, and the way the building seems to change color throughout the day are truly mesmerizing. Moreover, the fact that it was built by Emperor Shah Jahan as a memorial for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, adds a romantic and emotional dimension to its beauty.
The sheer scale of the building and the precision of its construction, especially considering it was built in the 17th century, left me in awe. It’s a perfect blend of Indian, Persian, and Islamic architectural styles, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the Mughal era.
Visiting the Taj Mahal was a profound experience that gave me a deeper appreciation for historical architecture and the power of human creativity and love. It’s truly a testament to timeless beauty and craftsmanship.”
Sample answer (Band 8-9):
“I’d like to describe the Hagia Sophia, an extraordinary historical building I had the privilege of visiting in Istanbul, Turkey, last autumn. This architectural marvel stands as a testament to Byzantine ingenuity and has served as a focal point of both Christian and Islamic worship over its long history.
Located in the heart of Istanbul’s old city, the Hagia Sophia dominates the skyline with its massive dome and four minarets. Its strategic position at the confluence of Europe and Asia adds to its historical significance.
I visited this awe-inspiring structure in October of last year, during a cultural tour of Turkey. The timing was perfect as the autumn light cast a golden glow on the building’s exterior, enhancing its already impressive appearance.
What fascinated me most about the Hagia Sophia was its remarkable ability to embody different historical epochs within a single space. Originally built as a Christian cathedral in the 6th century, it was later converted into a mosque and now serves as a museum. This layered history is evident in its architecture and decorations.
The building’s colossal dome, which seems to float ethereally above the vast interior space, is a feat of engineering that was unparalleled for nearly a thousand years. The interplay of light through its numerous windows creates an almost mystical atmosphere inside.
I was particularly struck by the juxtaposition of Christian and Islamic elements within the building. Byzantine mosaics depicting Christian figures coexist with large Islamic calligraphy panels, creating a unique visual tapestry that reflects the city’s rich cultural heritage.
The Hagia Sophia’s ability to transcend religious and cultural boundaries and stand as a symbol of artistic and architectural achievement makes it truly exceptional. Visiting this building was not just a journey through time but also a profound lesson in cultural synthesis and the enduring power of human creativity.”
Possible follow-up questions:
- How has this historical building been preserved over the years?
Sample answer (Band 8-9):
“The preservation of the Hagia Sophia has been a complex and ongoing process. Over the centuries, it has undergone numerous restorations and structural reinforcements to combat the effects of time, weather, and seismic activity. The Turkish government, in collaboration with UNESCO, has implemented rigorous conservation measures to maintain both its structural integrity and its artistic elements. This includes specialized cleaning techniques for the delicate mosaics and careful monitoring of the building’s foundation and dome. The challenge lies in balancing preservation with accessibility, allowing visitors to experience the building while protecting it for future generations.”
- Do you think it’s important for countries to invest in preserving historical buildings?
Sample answer (Band 7-8):
“Absolutely, I believe it’s crucial for countries to invest in preserving historical buildings. These structures are not just physical remnants of the past; they’re tangible links to our history and culture. They provide invaluable insights into architectural techniques, social structures, and artistic traditions of bygone eras. Moreover, well-preserved historical buildings often become significant tourist attractions, contributing to the local economy. By investing in their preservation, countries are essentially investing in their cultural heritage and creating opportunities for future generations to connect with their roots.”
Part 3: Two-way Discussion
- How do historical buildings contribute to a city’s identity?
Sample answer (Band 8-9):
“Historical buildings play a pivotal role in shaping a city’s identity. They serve as tangible links to the past, offering residents and visitors alike a glimpse into the city’s history and cultural evolution. These structures often become iconic landmarks that are instantly recognizable and associated with the city, like the Eiffel Tower in Paris or the Colosseum in Rome.
Moreover, historical buildings contribute to the unique architectural landscape of a city, creating a visual narrative of different historical periods and styles. This diversity adds depth and character to the urban environment, distinguishing one city from another.
These buildings also foster a sense of continuity and belonging among residents. They serve as physical reminders of shared history and collective memory, helping to anchor communities in their cultural heritage. This connection to the past can strengthen social cohesion and civic pride.
Furthermore, historical buildings often attract tourism, which can significantly boost the local economy. They become focal points for cultural activities, education, and sometimes even controversy, all of which contribute to the vibrant social and intellectual life of a city.
In essence, historical buildings are not just static monuments but active participants in the ongoing story of a city. They bridge the past and present, shaping the city’s character and influencing its future development. Their preservation and integration into modern urban life are crucial for maintaining a city’s unique identity in an increasingly globalized world.”
- Do you think modern buildings can become historical landmarks in the future?
Sample answer (Band 7-8):
“Yes, I firmly believe that many modern buildings have the potential to become historical landmarks in the future. Architecture is a reflection of its time, and today’s innovative designs and cutting-edge technologies will likely be viewed as historically significant in the coming decades or centuries.
For instance, buildings like the Sydney Opera House or the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao are already considered iconic and historically important, despite being relatively new. They represent groundbreaking architectural styles and have become symbols of their respective cities.
Modern buildings that push the boundaries of design, sustainability, or functionality are particularly likely to be regarded as landmarks in the future. Structures that incorporate green technologies or respond innovatively to climate change could be seen as pivotal in the history of sustainable architecture.
However, for a modern building to become a true historical landmark, it needs to stand the test of time, both physically and in terms of its relevance to society. It should continue to serve a purpose and resonate with future generations.
Ultimately, which modern buildings become historical landmarks will depend on various factors, including their architectural merit, cultural significance, and ability to adapt to changing needs. It’s an exciting prospect to think about which of today’s structures might be revered and studied by future generations.”
Key Vocabulary and Phrases
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Architectural marvel [ˌɑːrkɪˈtektʃərəl ˈmɑːrvəl] (noun phrase): A building that is exceptionally impressive or ingenious in its design.
Example: “The Taj Mahal is widely regarded as an architectural marvel of the Mughal era.” -
UNESCO World Heritage site [juːˈneskəʊ wɜːld ˈherɪtɪdʒ saɪt] (noun phrase): A place listed by UNESCO as being of special cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
Example: “Machu Picchu, an ancient Incan city, is a famous UNESCO World Heritage site.” -
To stand the test of time [tə stænd ðə test əv taɪm] (idiom): To remain useful, popular, or important for a long period.
Example: “The Colosseum has truly stood the test of time, surviving for nearly two millennia.” -
Cultural synthesis [ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈsɪnθəsɪs] (noun phrase): The combination of different cultural elements to form a new, unified culture.
Example: “The Hagia Sophia is a perfect example of cultural synthesis, blending Byzantine and Islamic architectural styles.” -
Iconic landmark [aɪˈkɒnɪk ˈlændmɑːk] (noun phrase): A structure that is easily recognized and often symbolizes a city or region.
Example: “The Eiffel Tower is an iconic landmark of Paris, instantly recognizable around the world.”
Tips from an Examiner
To excel in describing historical buildings in your IELTS Speaking test:
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Build a diverse vocabulary related to architecture and history. Include specific terms like “facade”, “buttress”, or “cornice” when appropriate.
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Practice describing buildings in detail, focusing on their appearance, history, and your personal impressions.
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Be prepared to discuss the cultural and historical significance of buildings, not just their physical attributes.
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Use a range of tenses accurately to discuss when the building was constructed, when you visited it, and its current state.
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Incorporate personal anecdotes or reactions to make your description more engaging and showcase your language skills.
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Be ready to extend the topic to broader discussions about preservation, cultural heritage, and urban development.
Remember, the key to a high score is not just what you say, but how you say it. Aim for fluency, coherence, and a wide range of vocabulary and grammatical structures.
Describe a historical place you would like to visit to further enhance your speaking skills on related topics.