Discoveries in Marine Biology: A Comprehensive Practice for IELTS Reading

The IELTS Reading section is a challenging part of the IELTS exam, comprised of 40 questions that test your ability to understand and interpret texts. One of the recurring themes in IELTS Reading passages is related to natural phenomena, such as Discoveries in Marine Biology. Given its scientific nature and the significant interest it generates, this topic is frequently featured in past exams and likely to appear in future ones.

In this article, we will delve into the topic of Discoveries in Marine Biology, providing a model IELTS reading passage. We will also supply practice questions and detailed answers to help you prepare effectively for the IELTS exam.

Model IELTS Reading Passage: Discoveries in Marine Biology

Passage Title: The Mysteries Unveiled: Recent Discoveries in Marine Biology

The ocean, covering over 70% of the Earth’s surface, remains one of the least explored frontiers. Recent advancements in marine biology have led to remarkable discoveries that not only expand our understanding of marine life but also possess significant implications for biodiversity and climate change.

One notable discovery is the identification of new species in the deep sea. The use of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and advanced sonar technologies has allowed scientists to document species that dwell in the abyssal zones, previously deemed inhospitable. For instance, a novel species of the jellyfish, Stygiomedusa gigantea, was discovered in the Mariana Trench, displaying bioluminescent properties that could have applications in medical research.

Another ground-breaking discovery is the role of marine microorganisms in carbon sequestration. Marine bacteria and phytoplankton play a pivotal role in absorbing atmospheric CO₂, thus mitigating the effects of climate change. Researchers at the Oceanic Research Institute have found that certain strains of marine algae have enhanced capabilities of photosynthesis, which could be harnessed to develop bioengineering solutions for greenhouse gas reduction.

Additionally, the study of coral reefs has revealed the resilience and adaptation mechanisms of these vibrant ecosystems. While coral bleaching due to rising sea temperatures has been a cause for concern, new studies indicate that some coral species possess heat-resistant genes, offering hope for reef restoration projects. The discovery of these genes opens up possibilities for genetic interventions to safeguard coral reefs worldwide.

These discoveries underscore the importance of continued exploration and research in marine biology. As our technological capabilities improve, so too will our understanding of the complex, interconnected systems that sustain marine life and, by extension, our planet.

Discoveries in Marine Biology

Practice Questions

Multiple Choice

1. What technological advancement aided the discovery of new deep sea species?

   • A) Underwater cameras
   • B) Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)
   • C) Marine satellites
   • D) Submarines

2. Why is the discovery of bioluminescent properties in Stygiomedusa gigantea significant?

   • A) It indicates the presence of life in the Mariana Trench.
   • B) It has potential applications in medical research.
   • C) It helps in understanding jellyfish behavior.
   • D) It is linked to climate change.

True/False/Not Given

3. The use of sonar technology has made the entire ocean floor reachable for marine biologists. (True/False/Not Given)

4. Marine microorganisms are primarily responsible for producing atmospheric CO₂. (True/False/Not Given)

5. All coral species observed have shown an ability to adapt to rising temperatures. (True/False/Not Given)

Matching Information

6. Match the following discoveries with their respective significance:
   A) Discovery of new jellyfish species
   B) Role of marine microorganisms in CO₂ absorption
   C) Heat-resistant genes in coral species

   i) Mitigating climate change effects
   ii) Potential for medical research
   iii) Implications for reef restoration

Summary Completion

Complete the summary below using words from the box:

recent, abyssal, CO₂, bleaching, microorganisms, algae, species

Recent advancements in marine biology have led to (7) __ discoveries. The identification of new deep-sea (8) was made possible by ROVs. Marine (9) play a significant role in carbon sequestration, particularly certain strains of (10) ___. The study of coral reefs has shown resilience due to heat-resistant genes, providing hope against coral (11) __.

Answer Key

Multiple Choice

1. B) Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)
2. B) It has potential applications in medical research

True/False/Not Given

3. False – The use of sonar technology has advanced but does not make the entire ocean floor reachable.
4. False – Marine microorganisms absorb CO₂, not produce it.
5. Not Given – The passage mentions some coral species possessing heat-resistant genes, not all.

Matching Information

• A) ii) Potential for medical research
• B) i) Mitigating climate change effects
• C) iii) Implications for reef restoration

Summary Completion

7. recent
8. species
9. microorganisms
10. algae
11. bleaching

Common Errors to Avoid

1. Ignoring Keywords: Pay careful attention to keywords and phrases that are crucial for understanding the passage and answering the questions accurately.
2. Misinterpreting the Question: Always make sure you understand what is being asked. Misreading the question can lead to incorrect answers.
3. Overlooking Synonyms: IELTS often uses synonyms or paraphrased text. Recognize different ways of expressing the same concept.
4. Time Management: Ensure you allocate enough time to read the passage and answer all questions. Don’t spend too long on one question.

Vocabulary Highlights

• Bioluminescent (adj) /ˌbaɪ.oʊˌluː.məˈnɛs.ənt/: Emitting light produced by living organisms.
• Phytoplankton (n) /ˈfaɪ.toʊˌplæŋk.tən/: Microscopic marine algae that perform photosynthesis.
• Carbon Sequestration (n) /ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən/: The process of capturing and storing atmospheric CO₂.

Grammar Spotlight

• Relative Clauses: “The use of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), which allow scientists to document species…”
• Passive Voice: “A novel species of the jellyfish was discovered in the Mariana Trench…”

Tips for Achieving a High Reading Score

1. Practice Regularly: Regular practice with a variety of reading passages will improve your speed and comprehension.
2. Expand Vocabulary: Enhance your vocabulary to understand complex texts better.
3. Develop Skimming and Scanning Skills: Learn to quickly identify the main ideas and key points in texts.
4. Review Mistakes: Always review your mistakes and understand why you got a question wrong to avoid repeating the same errors.

By following the provided practice and tips, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle the IELTS Reading section, especially on topics like Discoveries in Marine Biology. Happy studying!