Economic inequality is a pressing issue that has gained significant attention in recent years, making it a popular topic in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. Based on analysis of past IELTS questions and current global trends, it’s highly likely that this theme will continue to appear in future tests. Let’s explore a sample question and provide a model answer to help you prepare for this potential topic.
Analyzing the Question
Let’s consider the following question, which is representative of the type you might encounter in an IELTS Writing Task 2 exam:
Economic inequality is becoming more pronounced in many countries. What problems can this cause? What measures can be taken to reduce this inequality?
This question consists of two parts:
- The problems caused by economic inequality
- Measures to reduce economic inequality
To effectively answer this question, you need to address both parts equally, providing examples and explanations for each.
Sample Essay
Here’s a model answer that addresses the question comprehensively:
Economic disparity has become increasingly evident in numerous nations, leading to a range of social and economic issues. This essay will discuss the problems arising from this growing inequality and suggest potential solutions to mitigate its effects.
The widening gap between the rich and poor can result in several significant problems. Firstly, it can lead to social unrest and political instability. When a large portion of the population feels economically disadvantaged, they may become disillusioned with the current system, potentially leading to protests or even civil unrest. Secondly, economic inequality often perpetuates a cycle of poverty, as those with fewer resources have limited access to quality education and healthcare, making it difficult to improve their economic situation. This can result in a ‘poverty trap’ where generations remain stuck in low-income brackets. Lastly, extreme economic inequality can hinder overall economic growth. When wealth is concentrated among a small percentage of the population, consumer spending – a key driver of economic growth – may decrease, as the majority have less disposable income.
To address these issues, several measures can be implemented. One crucial step is to reform the tax system. Implementing a more progressive tax structure, where higher earners pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes, can help redistribute wealth more evenly. Additionally, governments should invest more in public services, particularly education and healthcare. Providing equal access to quality education can help level the playing field and give individuals from lower-income backgrounds the opportunity to improve their economic status. Furthermore, raising the minimum wage and strengthening workers’ rights can help ensure that even those in lower-paying jobs can maintain a decent standard of living. Lastly, promoting financial literacy and providing support for small businesses and entrepreneurs can empower individuals to better manage their finances and create economic opportunities.
In conclusion, while economic inequality poses significant challenges to society, there are various measures that can be taken to address this issue. By implementing fairer tax systems, investing in public services, and empowering individuals through education and entrepreneurship, we can work towards creating a more equitable society. It is crucial for governments and society as a whole to prioritize these efforts to ensure a more stable and prosperous future for all.
(Word count: 368)
Writing Tips
When addressing this topic, keep the following points in mind:
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Structure: Ensure your essay has a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea.
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Balance: Give equal attention to both parts of the question – the problems and the solutions.
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Examples: Use specific examples to illustrate your points. This adds credibility to your arguments.
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Cohesion: Use linking words and phrases to connect your ideas smoothly. For example: “Firstly”, “Secondly”, “Furthermore”, “In conclusion”.
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Vocabulary: Utilize a range of vocabulary related to economics and society. This demonstrates your language proficiency.
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Grammar: Use a variety of sentence structures, including complex sentences, to showcase your grammatical range.
Key Vocabulary
Here are some important terms related to this topic:
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Economic disparity (noun) /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk dɪˈspærəti/: Significant difference in economic well-being between individuals or groups.
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Social unrest (noun) /ˈsəʊʃl ʌnˈrest/: A state of dissatisfaction, disturbance, and agitation in society, often involving protests or riots.
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Perpetuate (verb) /pəˈpetʃueɪt/: To cause something to continue indefinitely.
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Poverty trap (noun) /ˈpɒvəti træp/: A situation in which poverty causes poverty, creating a vicious cycle.
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Progressive tax (noun) /prəˈɡresɪv tæks/: A tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.
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Disposable income (noun) /dɪˈspəʊzəbl ˈɪnkʌm/: The amount of money that households have available for spending and saving after income taxes.
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Financial literacy (noun) /faɪˈnænʃl ˈlɪtərəsi/: The ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills.
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Redistribute (verb) /ˌriːdɪˈstrɪbjuːt/: To distribute wealth, property, etc., in a different way, especially to achieve greater social equality.
Conclusion
Economic inequality and its social effects are likely to remain relevant topics in IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the key issues surrounding this topic and practicing with sample questions, you can prepare yourself to tackle similar questions in the future. Remember to analyze the question carefully, structure your essay logically, and use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures to showcase your English proficiency.
For further practice, consider exploring related topics such as the impact of economic globalization or the role of education in preventing social inequality. These topics often intersect with economic inequality and can provide additional perspectives for your essays.