The impact of automation on employment, particularly in low-income job markets, has become an increasingly common topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. The effects of automation on low-income jobs have appeared in various forms across recent test papers, especially in questions about technology, employment, and economic inequality.
Analysis of Recent Test Questions
A particularly frequent question type that has appeared in recent IELTS examinations focuses on the societal implications of workplace automation. Here’s one such question:
Some people believe that the increasing use of automation in low-paying jobs will lead to greater unemployment and economic inequality. Others argue that it will create new opportunities and economic growth. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Task Analysis
- Topic: The impact of automation on low-income jobs
- Task Type: Discussion + Opinion
- Key Points to Cover:
- Negative impacts on employment
- Positive economic opportunities
- Personal viewpoint with supporting arguments
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8.5)
The widespread implementation of automation in entry-level positions has sparked intense debate regarding its socioeconomic implications. While some contend that this technological shift will exacerbate unemployment and wealth disparity, others maintain that it will generate novel opportunities and stimulate economic development. In my view, while short-term disruptions are inevitable, the long-term benefits of automation will likely outweigh its drawbacks.
how technology is changing the job market is evident in the immediate displacement of workers in various sectors. Automated systems are increasingly replacing human workers in roles such as manufacturing, retail checkout, and basic customer service. This transition can lead to significant job losses among low-skilled workers who may lack the qualifications for alternative employment opportunities, potentially widening the economic divide between skilled and unskilled laborers.
However, historical evidence suggests that technological advancement ultimately creates more jobs than it eliminates. The introduction of automation often leads to the emergence of new industries and roles that require human oversight, maintenance, and development of automated systems. Furthermore, increased productivity through automation can reduce costs, potentially stimulating economic growth and creating employment opportunities in other sectors.
The effects of automation on economic inequality could be mitigated through proper policy measures and educational initiatives. Governments and businesses can implement retraining programs, invest in education, and develop social safety nets to support workers during the transition. This proactive approach can help ensure that the benefits of automation are more equitably distributed across society.
In conclusion, while automation poses immediate challenges for low-income workers, its long-term potential for creating economic opportunities cannot be ignored. The key lies in managing this transition effectively through comprehensive support systems and adaptable workforce development programs.
Educational and retraining programs helping workers adapt to automation changes
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
Nowadays, many companies are using machines instead of people for low-paying jobs. Some people think this will cause more unemployment and make rich people richer and poor people poorer. Other people say it will help the economy grow and make new jobs. I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
First, automation can cause problems for workers. When companies use machines, they don’t need as many workers anymore. For example, many factories now use robots instead of people. This means many workers lose their jobs and cannot find new ones easily because they don’t have special skills. Also, this makes rich company owners richer while workers become poorer.
However, automation can also bring good things. When companies use machines, they can make things faster and cheaper. This helps the economy grow and can create new types of jobs. Also, some workers can learn new skills to work with machines or get better jobs in different areas.
I think automation has both good and bad effects, but we need to help workers adapt to changes. Companies and governments should provide training programs to help workers learn new skills. This way, people can find new jobs when machines take over their old ones.
In conclusion, while automation can cause some problems for workers, it can also help the economy grow. The most important thing is to help workers prepare for these changes.
Vocabulary Analysis
- implementation (n) /ɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃən/ – the process of putting a plan into action
- exacerbate (v) /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/ – to make something worse
- disparity (n) /dɪˈspærəti/ – a great difference between things
- stimulus (n) /ˈstɪmjələs/ – something that encourages activity or development
- oversight (n) /ˈəʊvəsaɪt/ – the job of checking that something is done correctly
- mitigation (n) /mɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/ – the act of reducing how harmful, unpleasant, or bad something is
- proactive (adj) /prəʊˈæktɪv/ – taking action to cause changes rather than waiting to respond to changes
- comprehensive (adj) /kɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ – complete and thorough
Conclusion
For future practice, consider writing essays about related topics such as:
- The role of artificial intelligence in future employment
- Government responsibilities in managing technological unemployment
- The impact of automation on specific industries
Share your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and discussion with other learners.
