The topic of inflation and its effects on small businesses is a crucial economic issue that has gained significant attention in recent years. As an IELTS examiner, I’ve noticed an increasing trend of questions related to this subject in Writing Task 2. Based on my analysis of past exams and current economic trends, I predict a high probability of encountering this topic in future IELTS tests. Let’s explore a relevant question and provide sample essays to help you prepare effectively.
Analyzing the Question
Let’s consider the following IELTS Writing Task 2 question:
Rising inflation has become a significant concern for many countries. Some people believe that small businesses are the most affected by this economic phenomenon. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
This question requires you to discuss the impact of inflation on small businesses compared to other economic entities. You need to present your opinion and support it with relevant examples and explanations.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Inflation, a persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services, has indeed become a major economic challenge for numerous nations. While its effects are far-reaching, I strongly agree that small businesses bear the brunt of this economic phenomenon due to their limited resources and vulnerability to market fluctuations.
Firstly, small businesses often lack the financial cushion to absorb the increased costs associated with inflation. As prices of raw materials, utilities, and labor rise, these enterprises struggle to maintain their profit margins. Unlike large corporations that can leverage economies of scale or negotiate better terms with suppliers, small businesses are frequently forced to accept higher costs or risk compromising the quality of their products or services. This financial strain can lead to reduced investments in growth and innovation, potentially stunting the long-term prospects of these businesses.
Moreover, inflation typically results in reduced consumer spending power, which disproportionately affects small businesses. When faced with rising prices, consumers tend to prioritize essential purchases and cut back on discretionary spending. This shift in consumer behavior often hits small businesses harder, as they are more likely to offer non-essential goods or services compared to larger, more diversified companies. For instance, a local boutique or a family-run restaurant may see a significant drop in customers during inflationary periods, while essential service providers or large retail chains might be less affected.
Furthermore, small businesses usually have less access to credit and financial instruments to hedge against inflation. As interest rates rise to combat inflation, borrowing becomes more expensive, making it challenging for small enterprises to secure loans for expansion or even working capital. This limited access to finance can hinder their ability to adapt to the changing economic landscape, potentially leading to decreased competitiveness or even closure.
In conclusion, while inflation undoubtedly impacts the entire economy, small businesses are indeed the most vulnerable to its effects. Their limited financial resources, susceptibility to changes in consumer behavior, and restricted access to credit make them particularly susceptible to inflationary pressures. Therefore, it is crucial for policymakers to consider targeted support measures for small businesses when implementing strategies to combat inflation.
(Word count: 329)
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
Inflation is a big problem for many countries today. Some people think that small businesses are hurt the most by inflation. I agree with this idea because small businesses have many challenges when prices go up.
First, small businesses don’t have a lot of money saved up. When inflation happens, everything becomes more expensive. This includes things like materials, electricity, and paying workers. Small businesses often can’t afford these higher costs. They might have to raise their prices, which can make customers unhappy. Big companies can usually handle these changes better because they have more money.
Another problem is that people spend less money when there’s inflation. They focus on buying important things and don’t buy as many extra things. This is bad for small businesses because they often sell things that aren’t necessary, like special clothes or fancy food. For example, a small coffee shop might lose customers because people decide to make coffee at home to save money.
Also, it’s harder for small businesses to get loans during inflation. Banks charge more interest, which makes borrowing money more expensive. This makes it difficult for small businesses to grow or even keep running. Big companies usually have better chances of getting loans or finding other ways to get money.
In conclusion, I think small businesses suffer the most from inflation. They have less money to start with, their customers might stop buying from them, and it’s harder for them to get loans. The government should try to help small businesses during times of high inflation to keep the economy healthy.
(Word count: 258)
Key Writing Tips
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Structure: Both essays follow a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The Band 8-9 essay demonstrates more sophisticated paragraph development and transitions.
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Vocabulary: The Band 8-9 essay uses more advanced vocabulary and phrases, such as “bear the brunt,” “financial cushion,” and “hedge against inflation.” The Band 6-7 essay uses simpler language but still conveys the main ideas effectively.
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Grammar: The higher band essay employs a wider range of grammatical structures, including complex sentences and passive voice. The Band 6-7 essay uses mostly simple and compound sentences.
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Task Response: Both essays address the question directly, but the Band 8-9 essay provides more detailed explanations and examples.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The Band 8-9 essay demonstrates better use of linking words and phrases, creating a more fluid argument.
Key Vocabulary to Remember
- Inflation (noun) /ɪnˈfleɪʃən/ – a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money
- Volatile (adjective) /ˈvɒlətaɪl/ – liable to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
- Cushion (noun/verb) /ˈkʊʃən/ – something that lessens or absorbs the shock of an impact
- Discretionary spending (noun phrase) /dɪˈskreʃənəri ˈspendɪŋ/ – spending on non-essential items or services
- Hedge (verb) /hedʒ/ – protect oneself against loss on (a bet or investment) by making balancing or compensating transactions
- Disproportionately (adverb) /ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːʃənətli/ – to a degree that is too large or too small in comparison with something else
- Susceptible (adjective) /səˈseptəbl/ – likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing
In conclusion, mastering essays on the effects of inflation on small business survival requires a solid understanding of economic concepts and the ability to articulate ideas clearly. Practice writing essays on similar topics, such as “The role of government in supporting small businesses during economic crises” or “Comparing the resilience of small businesses versus large corporations in times of economic uncertainty.” Remember to post your practice essays in the comments section for feedback and to engage in productive discussions with fellow learners. This active approach will significantly enhance your IELTS Writing Task 2 skills.