“Given that he is experienced, he will handle it well.” This sentence demonstrates the use of “given that,” a conjunction of concession. In IELTS, especially in the writing and speaking sections, using such conjunctions effectively showcases your ability to express complex ideas and enhances your grammatical range, contributing to a higher band score.
Here are some examples of how “given that” can be used in an IELTS context:
Speaking:
- Part 3: “Given that global warming is a pressing issue, do you think individual actions can make a difference?”
- Analysis: Here, “given that” introduces a widely accepted fact, setting the context for the subsequent question.
Writing:
- Task 2: “Given that technology has revolutionized communication, some argue that traditional methods are obsolete. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
- Analysis: In this essay prompt, “given that” presents a premise upon which the main topic is built, prompting the candidate to discuss both sides of the argument.
Let’s delve deeper into understanding and utilizing “given that” and its counterparts for IELTS success.
Understanding “Given That” and Its Synonyms
Meaning and Function
“Given that” is a subordinating conjunction, similar in meaning to “considering that,” “seeing that,” or “in light of the fact that.” It introduces a clause that acknowledges a fact or circumstance, often one that might contradict or complicate the main clause.
Frequency in IELTS
While not as common as simpler conjunctions like “because” or “although,” using “given that” and its synonyms strategically demonstrates a more sophisticated understanding of grammar and coherence.
Using “Given That” effectively
Formula and Analysis
Formula: Given that + [clause expressing a fact or circumstance], [main clause]
Example:
- Given that English is widely spoken (clause), learning the language is beneficial for travel and work (main clause).
Analysis:
- The clause with “given that” presents a reason or context.
- The main clause conveys the main idea, which is influenced by the information in the “given that” clause.
Application in IELTS Writing (Task 2)
Prompt: Many people believe that technology has made our lives easier. However, others argue that it has created new problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Sample Sentence: Given that technology has led to a more sedentary lifestyle for many, it is understandable why some argue that it has negatively impacted our health.
Application in IELTS Speaking (Part 3)
Examiner: What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a globalized world?
Candidate: Given that globalization has interconnected economies, it’s undeniable that it has created many job opportunities worldwide. However, it also raises concerns about job displacement in developed countries.
Globalization Impact
Elevating Your Language: Using Similar Conjunctions
To showcase a wider range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, try these alternatives to “given that”:
- Considering that: This emphasizes careful thought about the information presented.
- In light of the fact that: This phrase adds a more formal tone to your writing or speaking.
- Seeing as/that: This option is more informal but still appropriate in spoken English.
Common Errors and How to Avoid Them
- Incorrect punctuation: Remember to use a comma after the “given that” clause when it comes before the main clause.
- Redundancy: Avoid using “given that” and a similar conjunction like “because” in the same sentence.
- Informal usage: Be mindful of the context. While “seeing as/that” is acceptable in speaking, it’s best to use more formal options in writing.
Conclusion
Mastering conjunctions of concession like “given that” is crucial for achieving a higher band score in IELTS. By understanding their function, practicing their use, and avoiding common errors, you can significantly enhance your ability to express complex ideas clearly and effectively. Remember to practice incorporating this conjunction into your writing and speaking to build confidence and fluency.