Mastering IELTS Writing Task 2: How Automation Affects Employment – Sample Essays and Expert Analysis

In recent years, the topic of automation and its impact on employment has become increasingly prevalent in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. This subject reflects the growing concern about technological advancements and their effects on the job market. Based on past exam trends and the relevance of this issue in today’s society, it’s highly likely that questions related to automation and employment will continue to appear in future IELTS tests.

Let’s examine a typical IELTS Writing Task 2 question on this topic:

Some people think that machines and robots will eventually take over many jobs that are currently done by humans. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Analyzing the Question

This question asks for your opinion on the extent to which machines and robots will replace human workers. Key points to consider:

1. The question uses “Some people think,” indicating that you should discuss both sides of the argument.
2. “Eventually” suggests a focus on long-term effects.
3. “Many jobs” implies that the impact may be widespread but not necessarily universal.
4. “To what extent” requires you to state your level of agreement and provide supporting reasons.

Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)

The rapid advancement of technology has sparked a debate about the future of human employment in an increasingly automated world. While some argue that machines and robots will eventually take over many jobs currently performed by humans, I believe that this transition will be significant but not all-encompassing.

On one hand, it is undeniable that automation has already begun to replace human workers in various sectors. In manufacturing, for instance, robotic assembly lines have dramatically reduced the need for manual labor, improving efficiency and reducing costs for companies. Similarly, self-checkout machines in retail stores and automated customer service systems in call centers have diminished the demand for human employees in these areas. As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, even jobs that were once thought to be uniquely human, such as data analysis and basic writing tasks, are becoming increasingly automated.

However, I contend that the impact of automation on employment will not be as extensive as some fear. Firstly, the implementation of new technologies often creates new job opportunities. For example, the rise of e-commerce has led to increased demand for roles in digital marketing, web development, and logistics. Secondly, many professions require uniquely human skills such as creativity, emotional intelligence, and complex problem-solving, which machines are yet to replicate effectively. Fields like healthcare, education, and social work will likely continue to rely heavily on human interaction and empathy.

Moreover, the transition to an automated workforce will likely be gradual, allowing society time to adapt. Governments and educational institutions can play a crucial role in retraining workers and preparing future generations for a more technologically-driven job market. This adaptation period may lead to a shift in the types of jobs available rather than a wholesale replacement of human workers.

In conclusion, while machines and robots will undoubtedly take over some jobs currently performed by humans, I believe this transformation will be significant but not all-encompassing. The key to navigating this change lies in our ability to adapt, retrain, and focus on developing skills that complement rather than compete with technology.

(Word count: 329)

Automation and employment

Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)

In recent years, there has been a lot of discussion about how machines and robots might replace humans in many jobs. While I agree that this is happening in some areas, I don’t think it will completely take over all jobs done by humans.

Firstly, it’s true that automation is already replacing some human jobs. For example, in factories, robots are now doing a lot of work that people used to do. This is because machines can work faster and don’t get tired like humans. Also, in places like supermarkets, we can see self-checkout machines that are replacing some cashiers. These changes are happening because companies want to save money and be more efficient.

However, I believe there are many jobs that robots cannot do as well as humans. For instance, jobs that need creativity or emotional understanding are still better done by people. Teachers, nurses, and social workers need to understand human feelings and react in ways that machines can’t. Also, jobs that require complex thinking and decision-making, like managers or lawyers, are difficult for machines to do.

Another point is that when new technologies come, they often create new types of jobs. For example, when computers became common, it created jobs for people who repair computers or create software. So, while some jobs might disappear, new ones will probably be created.

In conclusion, I think that while machines and robots will take over some jobs, they won’t replace all human workers. It’s important for people to learn new skills and be ready to adapt to changes in the job market. This way, humans can work alongside machines instead of being replaced by them.

(Word count: 272)

Key Writing Tips

1. Introduction: Clearly state your position on the question. For higher band scores, avoid simply repeating the question and instead paraphrase it effectively.

2. Paragraph Structure: Use the PEEL (Point, Explanation, Example, Link) structure for body paragraphs. This ensures a logical flow of ideas.

3. Cohesion: Use a variety of linking words and phrases to connect ideas within and between paragraphs. Examples include “however,” “moreover,” and “in addition.”

4. Vocabulary: Employ a range of topic-specific vocabulary related to automation and employment. For higher band scores, use less common words and phrases accurately.

5. Grammar: Demonstrate a mix of simple and complex sentence structures. Higher band scores require the accurate use of more complex structures.

6. Task Response: Ensure you fully address all parts of the question. For this topic, discuss both the potential for automation to replace jobs and the limitations of this replacement.

7. Conclusion: Summarize your main points and restate your opinion. Avoid introducing new ideas in the conclusion.

Key Vocabulary to Remember

1. Automation (noun) /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ – the use of machines and computers to do work that was previously done by people
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) (noun) /ˌɑːtɪˌfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ – the development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence
3. Redundancy (noun) /rɪˈdʌndənsi/ – the state of being no longer needed or useful in a job
4. Adaptability (noun) /əˌdæptəˈbɪləti/ – the quality of being able to adjust to new conditions
5. Upskilling (noun) /ˈʌpˌskɪlɪŋ/ – the process of learning new skills or teaching workers new skills
6. Technological disruption (noun phrase) /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkl dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ – a transformation that results from emerging technologies
7. Job displacement (noun phrase) /dʒɒb dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ – the elimination of jobs due to technological or economic changes
8. Human-machine collaboration (noun phrase) /ˌhjuːmən məˈʃiːn kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/ – the process of humans and machines working together to achieve goals

Conclusion

The topic of automation’s impact on employment is likely to remain relevant in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. To prepare for this and similar topics, practice writing essays on related themes such as:

1. The role of education in preparing workers for an automated future
2. The ethical implications of replacing human workers with machines
3. The potential economic effects of widespread automation
4. The balance between technological progress and job security

Remember, the key to success in IELTS Writing Task 2 is not just about knowledge of the topic, but also about how well you can structure your arguments and express your ideas clearly and coherently. Practice writing essays on these topics and share them in the comments section below for feedback and discussion. This active engagement will help you improve your writing skills and prepare effectively for the IELTS exam.