The topic of automation and its effects on job markets in developing countries has become increasingly prevalent in IELTS Writing Task 2. Based on recent exam patterns and impact of AI on labor markets in developing countries, this theme has appeared frequently in various forms. Let’s analyze a recent exam question and explore sample responses across different band scores.
IELTS Writing Task 2 question about automation impact on employment
Question Analysis
Some people believe that the increasing use of automation in developing countries is causing more unemployment than job creation. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
This question requires candidates to:
- Take a clear position on automation’s impact
- Evaluate both job losses and creation
- Support arguments with specific examples
- Consider the context of developing nations
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8.5)
The assertion that automation is leading to net job losses in developing nations is a complex issue that merits careful examination. While I partially agree that automation eliminates certain jobs, I believe its overall impact creates more employment opportunities than it destroys.
Undoubtedly, effects of automation on manual labor have resulted in significant job displacement in traditional sectors. Manufacturing plants that once employed hundreds of workers now operate with minimal human supervision, and clerical positions have been dramatically reduced by software solutions. In countries like India and Vietnam, entire assembly lines have been automated, leading to immediate job losses among less-skilled workers.
However, automation generates substantial employment opportunities through various channels. Firstly, the implementation and maintenance of automated systems create high-skilled technical positions. Countries like Malaysia and Philippines have seen rapid growth in IT sectors, employing thousands in roles supporting automated systems. Secondly, automation increases productivity and reduces costs, enabling companies to expand operations and hire more workers in new areas. How does technology affect traditional job sectors shows that for every job lost to automation, approximately 2.3 new positions are created in adjacent industries.
Furthermore, automation drives innovation and entrepreneurship. As routine tasks become automated, workers can focus on creative and strategic activities. This shift has led to the emergence of new business models and service industries, particularly in digital technology and customer experience sectors. For instance, Indonesia’s digital economy has grown exponentially, creating millions of jobs in e-commerce, digital payments, and online services.
In conclusion, while automation does eliminate certain traditional jobs, its net effect on employment in developing countries is positive, generating more opportunities than it removes. The key lies in preparing the workforce through education and training to adapt to these technological changes.
High-skilled workers managing automated systems in a modern factory
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6.5)
Many people think automation is causing unemployment in developing countries. I partly agree with this idea because while some jobs are lost, new ones are also created.
It is true that automation takes away some jobs. In factories, robots now do work that people used to do. For example, in car manufacturing plants, machines do most of the assembly work. Also, in offices, computers now do tasks that clerks used to handle. This means many workers lose their jobs.
However, The impact of technology on communication shows that automation also creates new jobs. Companies need people to fix and operate the machines. They also need workers who understand computers and technology. In countries like India, many people now work in IT jobs because of automation. Also, when companies use machines, they can make more products and earn more money. This helps them hire more workers in other areas.
Moreover, automation helps create new types of businesses. Online shopping is a good example. When stores become automated, they need people to manage websites and deliver products. This creates jobs for delivery drivers and computer workers.
In conclusion, while automation does cause some job losses, it also creates new opportunities. I believe the solution is to help workers learn new skills so they can get the new jobs that automation creates.
Key Vocabulary
- Automation (n) /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ – the use of machines and computers to do work that was previously done by humans
- Displacement (n) /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ – the act of forcing something out of its usual place
- Implementation (n) /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/ – the process of putting a plan into action
- Adjacent (adj) /əˈdʒeɪsnt/ – next to or near something
- Exponentially (adv) /ˌekspəˈnenʃəli/ – rapidly and dramatically
- Innovation (n) /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ – a new idea, method, or device
- Entrepreneurship (n) /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːʃɪp/ – the activity of setting up businesses
Writing Task Tips
- For Band 8+: Develop sophisticated arguments with specific examples
- For Band 6-7: Focus on clear organization and basic examples
- Include relevant statistics and real-world examples
- Use appropriate linking words and varied vocabulary
- Maintain a clear position throughout the essay
Consider practicing with similar topics like How to deal with the challenges of rising unemployment rates to improve your writing skills. Share your practice essays in the comments for feedback and discussion.
