Climate change is a pressing global issue that has far-reaching implications for international relations. This topic has appeared in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams multiple times in recent years, and its relevance is likely to increase in the future. Let’s examine a sample question and explore how to approach this topic effectively in your IELTS essay.

Some people believe that climate change will have a significant impact on international relations in the future. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Analyzing the Question

This question asks for your opinion on the potential impact of climate change on international relations. Key points to consider:

1. The extent to which you agree or disagree
2. The connection between climate change and international relations
3. Potential impacts on diplomatic, economic, and security relationships between nations

How climate change affects global food security is one crucial aspect to consider when examining the broader implications for international relations.

Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)

Climate change is undoubtedly one of the most pressing challenges of our time, and I strongly agree that it will have a profound impact on international relations in the coming years. The global nature of this issue necessitates unprecedented levels of cooperation and negotiation between nations, while simultaneously creating new sources of tension and conflict.

Firstly, climate change will force countries to collaborate on an unprecedented scale to address global environmental challenges. The Paris Agreement of 2015 is a prime example of how nations are already coming together to set collective goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change impacts. This type of international cooperation is likely to intensify as the effects of climate change become more severe, potentially leading to stronger diplomatic ties and shared scientific endeavors.

However, climate change also has the potential to exacerbate existing tensions and create new conflicts between nations. As resources become scarcer due to changing weather patterns and rising sea levels, competition for water, arable land, and other vital resources may intensify. This could lead to increased diplomatic tensions, trade disputes, and even military conflicts, particularly in regions already prone to instability. For instance, disputes over water rights in transboundary river basins may become more contentious as drought conditions worsen in many parts of the world.

Moreover, the global shift towards renewable energy sources and sustainable technologies will reshape economic relationships between countries. Nations that lead in developing and implementing green technologies may gain significant diplomatic and economic leverage, while those heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports may see their international influence wane. This transition could lead to a realignment of global power dynamics and economic partnerships.

Climate change impact on international relations

Additionally, climate change is likely to drive increased migration as some regions become less habitable due to rising temperatures, extreme weather events, or sea-level rise. How climate change affects global migration patterns will undoubtedly influence international relations, as countries grapple with the challenges of accommodating climate refugees and managing cross-border population movements.

In conclusion, the impact of climate change on international relations will be significant and multifaceted. While it may foster greater cooperation in some areas, it is also likely to create new sources of conflict and reshape global power dynamics. As the effects of climate change intensify, nations will need to adapt their diplomatic strategies and international policies to address these evolving challenges effectively.

(Word count: 398)

Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)

I agree that climate change will have a big impact on international relations in the future. There are several reasons why I think this will happen.

First, climate change is a global problem that affects all countries. This means that countries will need to work together more to solve it. For example, countries are already signing agreements like the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This kind of cooperation will probably increase in the future as the problem gets worse.

Second, climate change can cause problems between countries. As the weather changes, some places may have less water or food. This could lead to arguments between countries over resources. For instance, countries that share rivers might fight over water if there is less rainfall. These kinds of conflicts could make international relations more difficult.

Another way climate change affects international relations is through migration. If some places become too hot or dry to live in, people might move to other countries. This could cause problems between countries as they try to deal with more immigrants. Some countries might not want to accept climate refugees, which could lead to disagreements.

Climate change and resource scarcity

Climate change is also changing the way countries think about energy. Many countries are trying to use more renewable energy like solar and wind power. This could change the relationships between countries that sell oil and those that buy it. Countries that develop new green technologies might become more important in international relations.

In conclusion, I strongly agree that climate change will affect international relations in many ways. It will make countries work together more, but also cause some conflicts. It will change how people move between countries and how countries use energy. These changes will be important for how countries interact with each other in the future.

(Word count: 309)

Scoring Explanation

Band 8-9 Essay:

This essay demonstrates excellent control of language and presents a well-developed, coherent argument. Key strengths include:

1. Clear position and consistent focus on the question
2. Logical organization with well-linked paragraphs
3. Wide range of vocabulary used accurately (e.g., “exacerbate,” “arable,” “transboundary”)
4. Variety of complex sentence structures
5. Relevant examples and specific details to support main points
6. Effective use of cohesive devices

Band 6-7 Essay:

This essay shows a good understanding of the task and presents relevant ideas. It demonstrates:

1. Clear position on the question
2. Logical organization, though paragraphs are less well-developed than in the Band 8-9 essay
3. Adequate range of vocabulary, with some attempts at less common words
4. Mix of simple and complex sentences, though with less variety than the higher band essay
5. Some relevant examples, though less specific than in the Band 8-9 essay
6. Basic use of cohesive devices

The main differences between the two essays lie in the depth of analysis, range of vocabulary, and complexity of sentence structures. The Band 8-9 essay provides more nuanced arguments and uses more sophisticated language throughout.

Key Vocabulary

1. Mitigate (verb) /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ – to make something less harmful, serious, or bad
2. Exacerbate (verb) /ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt/ – to make a problem or bad situation worse
3. Arable (adjective) /ˈærəbl/ – (of land) suitable for growing crops
4. Transboundary (adjective) /trænzˈbaʊndəri/ – crossing or extending across boundaries
5. Leverage (noun) /ˈlevərɪdʒ/ – the power to influence people and get the results you want
6. Realignment (noun) /ˌriːəˈlaɪnmənt/ – the process of changing or reorganizing something
7. Multifaceted (adjective) /ˌmʌltɪˈfæsɪtɪd/ – having many different aspects or features
8. Diplomatic (adjective) /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/ – related to managing international relations
9. Renewable (adjective) /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ – (of a resource) not depleted when used
10. Sustainable (adjective) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – able to be maintained at a certain rate or level

In conclusion, the impact of climate change on international relations is a complex and multi-faceted topic that is likely to appear in future IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. To prepare, practice writing essays on related themes such as global cooperation, resource management, and technological innovation in response to climate change. Consider exploring topics like the influence of international trade on food security or international trade’s environmental impact to broaden your understanding of the interconnections between climate, trade, and international relations.

We encourage you to practice writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments section below. This active practice is an excellent way to improve your writing skills and prepare for the IELTS exam.