The IELTS Reading section is designed to test a candidate’s skills in understanding and interpreting written English within a limited time. Over the years, certain topics have frequently appeared, reflecting global trends and concerns. “How Does The Fast Fashion Industry Impact Environmental Sustainability?” is one such topic that is gaining much attention due to its relevance in today’s world. Understanding this topic not only helps in preparing for the IELTS exam but also fosters a deeper awareness of significant environmental issues.
Practice Test: Reading Passage on Fast Fashion and Environmental Sustainability
Reading Passage
Title: The Environmental Toll of Fast Fashion
In the era of modern consumerism, fast fashion has revolutionized the apparel industry by producing trendy clothes swiftly and at low costs. Fast fashion brands like Zara, H&M, and Forever 21 have made it possible for consumers to keep up with the ever-changing fashion trends. However, this convenience comes at a huge environmental cost.
One of the most significant environmental impacts of fast fashion is the increased waste generated by discarded clothing. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the average American throws away approximately 80 pounds of used clothing per year. These textiles often end up in landfills where they can take up to 200 years to decompose, releasing harmful greenhouse gases in the process.
Moreover, the production of fast fashion items involves the use of vast amounts of water and chemicals. A single pair of jeans requires around 1,800 gallons of water, from cotton cultivation to the finished product. Additionally, toxic chemicals used in dyeing processes not only pollute water bodies but also pose health risks to workers and residents near manufacturing sites.
Fast fashion’s impact on the environment is further exacerbated by the use of synthetic fibers like polyester, which are non-biodegradable and derive from fossil fuels. Microfibers from synthetic clothing contribute significantly to the pollution of oceans, where they are ingested by marine life and enter the food chain.
Furthermore, the carbon footprint of transporting fast fashion from factories in countries like Bangladesh and Vietnam to markets in the West is considerable. The apparel industry is responsible for about 10% of global carbon emissions, rivaling the aviation and maritime transport industries combined.
Thus, while fast fashion has democratized fashion trends, making them accessible to a wider audience, its environmental implications are dire. Consumers and brands alike must adopt more sustainable practices to mitigate these impacts, such as recycling textiles, opting for organic materials, and embracing slow fashion principles.
Questions
Multiple Choice (1-3)
What is the average amount of used clothing discarded by an American per year according to the passage?
- A. 100 pounds
- B. 50 pounds
- C. 80 pounds
- D. 200 pounds
Which chemical-related issue is associated with fast fashion?
- A. Increased levels of ozone
- B. Pollution of water bodies due to toxic dyes
- C. Excessive use of fertilizers
- D. Emission of methane gas
What is the carbon footprint comparison made in the passage to illustrate the impact of fast fashion?
- A. Aviation industry
- B. Agriculture industry
- C. Maritime transport industry and aviation combined
- D. Automobile industry
Identifying Information (True/False/Not Given) (4-6)
The passage states that all clothing items are made from biodegradable materials.
- True
- False
- Not Given
It is mentioned that the fast fashion industry is solely responsible for marine pollution.
- True
- False
- Not Given
Measures like recycling textiles can help mitigate the environmental impact of fast fashion according to the text.
- True
- False
- Not Given
Answer Key and Explanations
C
Explanation: The passage mentions that the “average American throws away approximately 80 pounds of used clothing per year.”B
Explanation: The passage discusses “toxic chemicals used in dyeing processes not only pollute water bodies.”C
Explanation: The text states that the apparel industry is responsible for emissions “rivaling the aviation and maritime transport industries combined.”False
Explanation: The passage clearly states that synthetic fibers like polyester are “non-biodegradable.”False
Explanation: The passage specifies that microfibers contribute significantly to marine pollution but does not say the fast fashion industry is solely responsible.True
Explanation: The passage suggests that consumers and brands can adopt sustainable practices, including “recycling textiles.”
Common Mistakes in Reading Passages
Misinterpreting Details
Students often misinterpret specific details. For example, understanding quantities or specific facts mentioned in the passage requires careful reading. Misunderstanding the environmental impact levels or specific pollutants in fast fashion can lead to incorrect answers.
Vocabulary Challenges
Difficult vocabulary can confuse test-takers. Words like “biodegradable,” “carbon footprint,” and “microfibers” need to be understood in context. Using a vocabulary list and practicing with various texts can improve this skill.
Vocabulary and Grammar Focus
Vocabulary
- Revolutionized (v): to change (something) fundamentally or drastically.
- Decompose (v): to break down into basic components or elements, especially by the action of decomposers.
- Biodegradable (adj): capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms.
- Footprint (n): the impact or influence of a person, company, etc., on the environment, in terms of pollution, garbage production, etc.
Grammar
Relative Clauses: Use to provide additional information about a noun in a sentence.
Example: “The average American, who throws away 80 pounds of used clothing per year, contributes to the growing problem of textile waste.”Passive Voice: Often used in academic writing to place emphasis on the action rather than the subject.
Example: “Toxic chemicals are used in dyeing processes, which pollute water bodies.”
Tips for a High IELTS Reading Score
- Practice Regularly: Engage with a wide range of reading materials, including academic texts, journals, and articles.
- Improve Vocabulary: Use flashcards, vocabulary lists, and read extensively to enhance your word knowledge.
- Time Management: Learn to allocate your time properly during the exam, ensuring you have enough time to read, analyze, and respond to questions.
- Answer Every Question: Do not leave any question unanswered. Make educated guesses if necessary.
- Review Mistakes: After practicing, analyze your errors to understand where you went wrong and how to correct it.
Fast fashion factory and environmental impact
By focusing on understanding passages like the one about fast fashion and its environmental impacts, you will not only prepare for your IELTS exam but also become more aware of significant global issues. Good luck with your studies!
