Economic inequality and its impact on social mobility is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2. This topic has appeared frequently in past exams and is likely to continue being a popular subject due to its relevance in today’s global socio-economic landscape. Let’s explore this theme through sample essays and in-depth analysis to help you excel in your IELTS Writing Task 2.
Analyzing the Task 2 Question
Let’s examine a typical IELTS Writing Task 2 question on this topic:
Some people believe that economic inequality is an inevitable part of society and can motivate individuals to work harder. Others argue that it hinders social mobility and creates unfair advantages. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
This question requires you to:
- Discuss the view that economic inequality is inevitable and motivational
- Discuss the opposing view that it hinders social mobility
- Provide your own opinion on the matter
Now, let’s look at sample essays for different band scores.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Economic disparity has long been a contentious issue in societies worldwide. While some argue that it serves as a motivational force, others contend that it creates insurmountable barriers to social mobility. In my opinion, while a degree of economic inequality may be unavoidable, excessive disparity is detrimental to social progress and should be addressed.
Proponents of economic inequality argue that it is an inherent aspect of a free market system and can drive individuals to strive for success. They posit that the prospect of financial rewards motivates people to work harder, innovate, and take risks, ultimately contributing to economic growth. For instance, the success stories of entrepreneurs like Steve Jobs or Elon Musk are often cited as examples of how the potential for vast wealth can spur innovation and progress.
However, critics argue that extreme economic inequality creates a system where success is increasingly determined by one’s starting point rather than merit or effort. They contend that disparities in access to quality education, healthcare, and networking opportunities create a ‘cycle of disadvantage’ that is difficult to break. This perspective is supported by studies showing that countries with high levels of income inequality tend to have lower social mobility rates.
In my view, while some level of economic inequality may be inevitable and even beneficial in driving competition and innovation, excessive disparity is harmful to society. When the gap between the rich and poor becomes too wide, it can lead to social unrest, reduced economic growth, and a breakdown of social cohesion. Moreover, extreme inequality often results in a concentration of political power among the wealthy, potentially undermining democratic processes.
To address this issue, policymakers should focus on creating equal opportunities rather than equal outcomes. This could involve investing in public education, implementing progressive taxation systems, and ensuring access to quality healthcare for all. By leveling the playing field, we can harness the motivational aspects of economic inequality while mitigating its negative impacts on social mobility.
In conclusion, while economic inequality may have some motivational benefits, its extreme forms pose significant challenges to social mobility and societal well-being. A balanced approach that promotes equal opportunities while allowing for some degree of economic differentiation is crucial for fostering a fair and prosperous society.
(Word count: 365)
Essay Analysis (Band 8-9)
This essay demonstrates excellent qualities that align with Band 8-9 criteria:
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Task Response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, discussing both views and clearly presenting the writer’s own opinion.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear progression throughout. Each paragraph has a central topic, and ideas are logically linked.
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is sophisticated and precise (e.g., “contentious,” “insurmountable,” “detrimental,” “disparities”). Collocations are used effectively (e.g., “social cohesion,” “progressive taxation”).
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a wide range of complex structures accurately (e.g., “While some argue…, others contend…”). There is a good mix of simple and complex sentences.
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Development of Ideas: Each point is well-developed with explanations and examples, showing depth of critical thinking.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
Economic inequality is a big problem in many countries today. Some people think it’s normal and can make people work harder, but others say it stops people from moving up in society. I will discuss both sides and give my opinion.
On one hand, some people believe that economic inequality is just part of how society works. They say that when people see others getting rich, it makes them want to work harder to get the same things. For example, if someone sees their neighbor buy a new car, they might work overtime to save money for their own car. This can be good for the economy because everyone is trying to do better.
On the other hand, many people think economic inequality is unfair and makes it hard for poor people to improve their lives. They say that rich people have more chances to get good education and jobs, while poor people don’t have these opportunities. This means that even if poor people work hard, they might not be able to become rich. This can make people feel hopeless and give up trying.
In my opinion, I think both sides have some truth. It’s true that seeing others succeed can motivate us, but too much inequality is bad for society. When the gap between rich and poor is too big, it can cause problems like crime and unhappiness. I believe that governments should try to make things fairer by helping poor people get better education and jobs.
To conclude, economic inequality can have both good and bad effects on society. While it can motivate some people, it can also create unfair advantages. I think we need to find a balance where people can still get rewards for working hard, but everyone has a fair chance to succeed.
(Word count: 309)
Essay Analysis (Band 6-7)
This essay demonstrates qualities that align with Band 6-7 criteria:
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Task Response: The essay addresses all parts of the task, presenting both views and the writer’s opinion. However, the ideas could be more fully developed.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is generally well-organized, with clear paragraphing. However, the use of cohesive devices is sometimes repetitive (e.g., frequent use of “On one hand,” “On the other hand”).
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is adequate for the task, but lacks the sophistication of higher band scores. There are some attempts at less common vocabulary (e.g., “overtime,” “hopeless”).
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentences, with generally good control. There are some errors, but they do not impede communication.
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Development of Ideas: Ideas are relevant and supported, but could be expanded upon for a higher score.
Key Vocabulary for This Topic
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Economic inequality (noun) – /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ɪnɪˈkwɒləti/ – Differences in economic well-being between individuals or groups
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Social mobility (noun) – /ˈsəʊʃəl məʊˈbɪləti/ – The ability to move between different social classes
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Disparity (noun) – /dɪˈspærəti/ – A great difference
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Inherent (adjective) – /ɪnˈhɪərənt/ – Existing as a natural or permanent quality
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Insurmountable (adjective) – /ˌɪnsəˈmaʊntəbl/ – Too great to be overcome
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Detrimental (adjective) – /ˌdetrɪˈmentl/ – Causing harm or damage
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Progressive taxation (noun) – /prəˈɡresɪv tækˈseɪʃn/ – A tax system where higher earners pay a higher rate
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Social cohesion (noun) – /ˈsəʊʃəl kəʊˈhiːʒn/ – The strength of relationships and sense of solidarity among members of a community
Conclusion
The topic of economic inequality and its impact on social mobility is a complex and nuanced one, likely to continue appearing in IELTS Writing Task 2. To prepare, practice writing essays on related themes such as:
- The role of education in reducing economic inequality
- Government policies to promote social mobility
- The impact of technological advancements on economic inequality
Remember, the key to success in IELTS Writing Task 2 is not just about having good ideas, but also about expressing them clearly and coherently. Practice regularly, and don’t hesitate to share your practice essays in the comments section below for feedback and discussion. Good luck with your IELTS preparation!