The Reading section of the IELTS exam is designed to test a wide range of reading skills. These include reading for gist, reading for main ideas, reading for detail, understanding inferences and implied meaning, and recognising a writer’s opinions or attitudes. Over the past years, topics related to technology, such as automation, have frequently appeared in the IELTS Reading exam due to their relevance and timeliness.
In this article, we will delve into the topic “How is the rise of automation affecting job markets in developing countries?” This issue has gained substantial traction, making it a common subject in various forms of media and potential part of IELTS Reading passages. By understanding this topic and practicing with a model IELTS Reading exam, you will be better prepared for your upcoming test.
Model IELTS Reading Passage
How is the Rise of Automation Affecting Job Markets in Developing Countries?
Automation and the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming job markets worldwide, but the effects in developing countries present unique challenges and opportunities. In these regions, some industries may experience significant disruption, while others could see marked job creation.
With the integration of automation, many routine and manual jobs are becoming obsolete. For instance, manufacturing sectors are increasingly utilising robotic systems, reducing the need for human labour. Similarly, developments in AI are automating tasks such as customer service, data entry, and analysis, making many traditional roles redundant.
However, automation also has the potential to create new employment opportunities. In developing countries, the technology sector is likely to grow, necessitating skilled workers to develop, maintain, and operate automated systems. Additionally, there can be a rise in jobs linked to the upkeep of these technologies, the need for which will offset some of the job losses in traditional sectors.
Moreover, automation can lead to an increase in productivity and economic growth. This growth can create more competitive markets, yielding new business ventures and, consequently, new jobs. For instance, with lowered production costs due to automation, companies can afford to expand and diversify their operations, thus generating more employment opportunities.
Nonetheless, the shift towards automation must be managed carefully to avoid exacerbating inequality. In developing countries, where education systems may not yet be geared towards producing a workforce skilled in technology and innovation, there is a risk of increasing unemployment and widening the gap between skilled and unskilled workers. Therefore, investment in education and vocational training is crucial to equip the current and future workforce with necessary skills.
Ultimately, while the rise of automation brings both challenges and opportunities to job markets in developing countries, strategic planning and education are essential to ensure positive outcomes.
Reading Questions
Multiple Choice
- According to the passage, what is a potential risk of automation in developing countries?
a. Increase in production costs.
b. Reduction of economic growth.
c. Widening the gap between skilled and unskilled workers.
d. Decline in the technology sector.
Identifying Information (True/False/Not Given)
- Automation has already made many manual jobs obsolete in developing countries.
- The passage suggests that all developing countries are experiencing the same impacts of automation.
- Investment in education and vocational training is essential to mitigate the negative effects of automation.
Matching Headings
- Match the heading to the appropriate paragraph:
- a. Automation and Job Creation
- b. Managing the Shift Towards Automation
- c. Economic Benefits of Automation
- d. Challenges of Automation in Employment
Summary Completion
- Complete the summary using the list of words provided below:
The integration of automation in developing countries is resulting in significant changes to their __ markets. While __ sectors are increasingly using robotic systems and AI, leading to job reductions, there are also new opportunities created in technology-related fields. To offset job losses, strategic __ and investment in vocational training are essential.
- job
- traditional
- planning
- stagnant
- economic
Answer Key and Explanation
c. Widening the gap between skilled and unskilled workers.
- Explanation: The passage mentions that automation could exacerbate inequality and widen the skill gap.
True
- Explanation: The passage explicitly states that many routine and manual jobs are becoming obsolete due to automation.
Not Given
- Explanation: The passage does not provide information regarding whether all developing countries are experiencing the same impacts.
True
- Explanation: The passage discusses the importance of investment in education and vocational training to prepare the workforce.
- a. Paragraph 3 (Automation and Job Creation)
- b. Paragraph 5 (Managing the Shift Towards Automation)
- c. Paragraph 4 (Economic Benefits of Automation)
- d. Paragraph 2 (Challenges of Automation in Employment)
- job
- traditional
- planning
Common Mistakes and Tips
Common Mistakes
- Not identifying the writer’s main argument and specific points for paragraphs.
- Confusing details and main ideas.
- Misinterpreting True/False/Not Given questions and assuming information not presented.
Tips
- Practice scanning and skimming to find key details quickly.
- Understand the different types of questions and practice accordingly.
- Focus on the exact wording of questions to avoid confusion in True/False/Not Given questions.
Vocabulary
- Automation /ɔːtəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/: The use of largely automatic equipment in a system of operation.
- Obsolete /ˈɒbsəliːt/: No longer produced or used; out of date.
- Redundant /rɪˈdʌnd(ə)nt/: Not or no longer needed; superfluous.
- Disruption /dɪsˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/: Disturbance or problems that interrupt an event, activity, or process.
- Vocational Training /və(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/: Training that emphasizes skills and knowledge required for a particular job function or trade.
Grammar Focus
Relative Clauses
That is used for people and things:
- “The technology that is utilized in automation…”
Which is used for things:
- “AI, which automates many tasks…”
Who is for people:
- “Workers who are skilled in technology…”
Example Sentences
- “The software that automates data entry is very effective.”
- “Robotic systems, which reduce the need for human labour, are increasingly being used.”
- “Engineers who develop automated systems are in high demand.”
Advice for High IELTS Reading Score
- Consistent Practice: Regularly practice reading academic materials to increase speed and comprehension.
- Understand Question Types: Familiarize yourself with the different question types in the IELTS Reading section.
- Time Management: Learn to manage your time effectively during the test to ensure you complete all sections.
Visual depiction of automation effects on labor market
By creating a realistic and balanced study plan, and practicing with topics as timely and relevant as automation’s impact on job markets, you can enhance your chances of scoring higher in the IELTS Reading section.
Note: For further practice and detailed reading passages, refer to official IELTS preparation materials or consult with a certified IELTS instructor.