The IELTS Reading section tests a candidate’s ability to understand and interpret written texts. It is divided into three sections with increasing difficulty, and candidates are required to answer 40 questions in 60 minutes. Topics for the Reading passages often reflect current trends, general interests, and academic subjects. One such trending topic is the rise of hydrogen fuel cells and their impact on the transportation industry.
The subject of hydrogen fuel cells has become increasingly relevant due to the global focus on sustainable energy and reducing carbon emissions. Given its importance and frequency in recent scientific discussions, it’s a potential topic for the IELTS Reading exam.
In this practice, we will explore a comprehensive IELTS Reading passage concerning hydrogen fuel cells and their implication for the transportation sector. This will be followed by related questions, answers, and academic insights into the topic.
IELTS Reading Practice on Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Reading Passage: The Rise of Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Its Impact on the Transportation Industry
In recent years, hydrogen fuel cells have emerged as a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fossil fuels in the transportation industry. These cells generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, with water being the only by-product. This process stands in stark contrast to conventional internal combustion engines that emit significant amounts of pollutants, including carbon dioxide.
One of the most compelling aspects of hydrogen fuel cells is their potential to drastically reduce our carbon footprint. With stringent global emission regulations and the increasing urgency to combat climate change, the transportation sector is under considerable pressure to adopt greener technologies. Hydrogen fuel cells offer a promising solution, providing a clean, efficient source of power for a range of vehicles from cars to buses and even trains.
Further driving the adoption of hydrogen fuel cells is the technological advancement and infrastructure development supporting hydrogen production and distribution. The cost of hydrogen has been a significant barrier but advancements in renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, have made green hydrogen production more attainable. Countries around the world are investing heavily in hydrogen infrastructure, contributing to the rising feasibility of hydrogen-powered transportation.
Additionally, hydrogen fuel cells offer practical advantages over other green technologies. For instance, battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) typically have longer charging times and limited range in comparison to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), which can be refueled faster and provide longer driving distances. This makes hydrogen a more attractive option for long-haul transportation and industries requiring minimal downtime.
However, challenges remain. The production of hydrogen itself, although becoming greener, still relies significantly on fossil fuels. Moreover, the infrastructure for hydrogen distribution is not as widespread as for conventional fuels or electricity. There are also safety concerns related to hydrogen storage and handling, which need to be meticulously managed.
Despite these challenges, the momentum behind hydrogen fuel cells is undeniable. With continuous innovation and increasing governmental support, hydrogen fuel cells are well on their way to transforming the transportation industry, making it cleaner and more sustainable.
Questions
Section 1: Multiple Choice
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What is the primary benefit of hydrogen fuel cells compared to traditional fossil fuels?
- A) They produce more power.
- B) They are cheaper to produce.
- C) They only produce water as a by-product.
- D) They are easier to store.
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Which of the following has hindered the widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cells?
- A) Limited availability of hydrogen.
- B) High efficiency of hydrogen production.
- C) Extensive charging times.
- D) Lack of interest from governments.
Section 2: Identifying Information (True/False/Not Given)
- Hydrogen fuel cells were first used in the early 1900s.
- Countries are investing heavily in hydrogen infrastructure.
- Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have longer charging times than battery-electric vehicles.
Section 3: Sentence Completion
- One of the major challenges of hydrogen production is that it still relies significantly on ____.
Section 4: Summary Completion
7-8. Complete the summary below using words from the text.
Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity by reacting hydrogen with (7). Although technological advancements and infrastructure investments are increasing, challenges such as reliance on (8) and safety concerns in storage and handling remain.
Answers and Explanations
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C) They only produce water as a by-product.
- Explanation: The passage highlights that the only by-product of hydrogen fuel cells is water, contrasting it with the pollutants from internal combustion engines.
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A) Limited availability of hydrogen.
- Explanation: The text mentions that the production and distribution of hydrogen are significant barriers.
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Not Given.
- Explanation: There is no information regarding the historical use of hydrogen fuel cells.
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True.
- Explanation: The passage states that countries are investing heavily in hydrogen infrastructure.
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False.
- Explanation: The text mentions that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can be refueled faster than battery-electric vehicles, not slower.
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fossil fuels.
- Explanation: The passage states that hydrogen production still relies significantly on fossil fuels.
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oxygen.
- Explanation: The passage describes the process of generating electricity through a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
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fossil fuels.
- Explanation: As mentioned, hydrogen production still relies significantly on fossil fuels.
Common Mistakes
- Ignoring Context: Readers may misinterpret questions by not referring back to the text for context.
- Misreading Instructions: Careful reading of the question types (True/False/Not Given) is essential.
- Overlooking Key Definitions: Key terms like “fossil fuels,” “emissions,” and “renewable energy” are crucial for understanding the passage’s arguments.
Vocabulary
- Viable (adj): ˈvī-ə-bəl – capable of working successfully.
- Attainable (adj): ə-ˈteɪn-ə-bəl – able to be reached or achieved.
- Footprint (n): ˈfʊtˌprɪnt – the amount of carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds emitted.
- Infrastructure (n): ˈɪn-frə-ˌstrʌk-tʃər – the basic physical systems and structures needed for the operation of a society.
Grammar Points
- Relative Clauses: “One of the most compelling aspects of hydrogen fuel cells is their potential to drastically reduce our carbon footprint.”
- Use relative clauses to add extra information to a sentence without starting a new sentence.
- Parallel Structures: “Countries around the world are investing heavily in hydrogen infrastructure, contributing to the rising feasibility of hydrogen-powered transportation.”
- Ensure consistency in the use of verbs and phrases within lists.
Tips for Improving IELTS Reading Scores
- Practice Regularly: Regular reading practice with a variety of topics prepares you for any subject the exam may cover.
- Understand Question Types: Familiarize yourself with the different question types and practice with them individually.
- Enhance Vocabulary: Expanding your vocabulary helps you understand and interpret passages more accurately.
- Skimming and Scanning: Develop these techniques to quickly locate information and get an overall understanding of the text.
- Time Management: Practice under timed conditions to ensure you can complete all questions within the allotted time.
By integrating these tips and consistently practicing with high-quality materials, you’ll be well-prepared for the IELTS Reading section.