IELTS Writing Task 2: How Science is Solving the Global Plastic Pollution Crisis – Essay Samples and Analysis

The topic of how science is addressing the global plastic pollution crisis has become increasingly relevant in recent IELTS examinations. Based on trends observed in past tests and the growing importance of environmental issues, it’s highly likely that this theme will continue to appear in future IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. Let’s explore a potential question on this subject and analyze sample essays across different band scores.

IELTS Writing Task 2 Plastic Pollution

Analyzing the Question

Some people believe that science and technology can solve the global plastic pollution crisis. Others think that changing human behavior is the only way to address this issue. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

This question requires you to:

1. Discuss the view that science and technology can solve the plastic pollution crisis
2. Discuss the view that changing human behavior is the only solution
3. Present your own opinion on the matter

It’s crucial to address all parts of the question and provide a balanced argument before stating your personal stance.

Sample Essay 1: Band 8-9

The pervasive issue of plastic pollution has sparked a debate on whether scientific advancements or behavioral changes are the key to resolving this global crisis. While both approaches have their merits, I believe that a combination of technological innovation and shifts in human conduct is essential for effectively tackling this problem.

Proponents of a science-based solution argue that technological breakthroughs can significantly mitigate plastic pollution. Innovations such as biodegradable plastics, improved recycling techniques, and plastic-eating bacteria offer promising avenues for reducing plastic waste. For instance, scientists at the University of Portsmouth have engineered an enzyme capable of breaking down plastic bottles in days rather than centuries. Such developments could revolutionize our ability to manage plastic waste, potentially eliminating vast amounts of pollution before it reaches our oceans and landfills.

On the other hand, those who advocate for behavioral change contend that the root of the problem lies in human consumption patterns and waste management practices. They argue that no amount of scientific innovation can compensate for the sheer volume of plastic produced and discarded daily. Encouraging people to reduce their plastic usage, opt for reusable alternatives, and participate in recycling programs could lead to a substantial decrease in plastic pollution. Countries like Rwanda have demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach by implementing strict bans on single-use plastics, resulting in cleaner urban and rural environments.

In my opinion, the most effective strategy to combat plastic pollution involves a synergy between scientific advancements and behavioral modifications. While science can provide us with the tools and technologies to better manage plastic waste, it is ultimately human behavior that determines the extent to which these solutions are implemented and embraced. For example, the development of biodegradable plastics is only beneficial if consumers choose to use them and dispose of them correctly. Similarly, advanced recycling technologies are only effective when coupled with widespread participation in recycling programs.

Moreover, scientific innovations can actually facilitate behavioral changes by making sustainable choices more accessible and appealing to the general public. As recycling processes become more efficient and eco-friendly alternatives become more affordable, individuals are more likely to adopt environmentally conscious habits.

In conclusion, while science and technology offer valuable solutions to the plastic pollution crisis, they cannot operate in isolation from human behavior. A comprehensive approach that leverages scientific innovation to enable and encourage positive behavioral changes is crucial for addressing this global issue effectively. By combining the power of scientific discovery with concerted efforts to modify our consumption and disposal habits, we stand the best chance of mitigating the devastating impact of plastic pollution on our planet.

(Word count: 420)

Essay Analysis:

This essay demonstrates characteristics of a Band 8-9 response:

1. Task Achievement: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, discussing both views and clearly stating a personal opinion.

2. Coherence and Cohesion: The ideas are logically organized with clear progression throughout. Paragraphs are well-linked, and cohesive devices are used effectively.

3. Lexical Resource: A wide range of vocabulary is used accurately and appropriately. Complex ideas are expressed with precision.

4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay displays a wide range of grammatical structures used accurately and flexibly.

5. Development of Ideas: Each main point is well-developed with relevant examples and explanations.

Sample Essay 2: Band 6-7

Plastic pollution is a big problem in the world today. Some people think science can fix it, while others believe we need to change how people act. I think both ideas have good points.

Science and technology can help solve the plastic problem in many ways. For example, scientists are making new types of plastic that can break down faster in nature. They are also finding ways to clean up plastic from the oceans. These ideas are good because they can help reduce the amount of plastic waste without people having to change too much.

However, changing human behavior is also important. If people use less plastic and recycle more, it can make a big difference. In some countries, they have banned plastic bags, and this has helped reduce pollution. When people learn about the problems caused by plastic, they might be more careful about using it.

I think we need both science and behavior change to solve the plastic pollution problem. Science can give us new tools and ideas, but people need to use these tools and change their habits. For example, even if we have biodegradable plastic, people still need to throw it away properly.

In conclusion, science and changing behavior are both important for fixing the plastic pollution problem. We should use new scientific ideas and also try to use less plastic in our daily lives. This way, we have a better chance of solving this big problem.

(Word count: 253)

Essay Analysis:

This essay demonstrates characteristics of a Band 6-7 response:

1. Task Achievement: The essay addresses the main parts of the task, but the treatment of the two views and personal opinion is less developed compared to the Band 8-9 essay.

2. Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is generally coherent with basic organization, but the linking of ideas is less sophisticated.

3. Lexical Resource: There is a sufficient range of vocabulary, but it lacks the precision and sophistication of higher band scores.

4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentences with generally good control, but lacks the flexibility seen in higher band scores.

5. Development of Ideas: Main points are present but less fully extended or supported compared to the Band 8-9 essay.

Key Vocabulary to Remember

1. Pervasive (adjective) /pəˈveɪsɪv/ – spreading widely throughout an area or group of people
2. Mitigate (verb) /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ – make less severe, serious, or painful
3. Biodegradable (adjective) /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəb(ə)l/ – capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms
4. Innovation (noun) /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ – a new method, idea, product, etc.
5. Consumption (noun) /kənˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ – the using up of a resource
6. Synergy (noun) /ˈsɪnədʒi/ – the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects
7. Implement (verb) /ˈɪmplɪment/ – put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect

Conclusion

The topic of science solving the global plastic pollution crisis is likely to remain relevant in IELTS Writing Task 2. To prepare for such questions, practice writing essays that discuss both technological solutions and behavioral changes. Consider exploring related topics such as:

• The role of government policies in addressing plastic pollution
• The economic impact of reducing plastic use
• The effectiveness of international cooperation in tackling environmental issues

Remember to structure your essays clearly, use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, and support your points with relevant examples. Feel free to practice writing an essay on this topic and share it in the comments section for feedback and discussion.