IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Essays: How Progressive Taxation Can Address Income Inequality – Band 6 to 9 Examples

Income inequality and taxation policies have become increasingly common topics in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing in approximately 15-20% of recent exam questions. How to address income inequality through government policies is particularly relevant as countries worldwide grapple with widening wealth gaps. Let’s examine a recent exam question and analyze sample responses across different band scores.

Question Analysis

Some people believe that governments should tax high-income earners at a higher rate to reduce income inequality. Others argue this discourages economic growth. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

This question requires candidates to:

• Discuss arguments for progressive taxation
• Examine potential negative economic impacts
• Present and justify their own position

The effects of economic inequality on society make this topic particularly relevant for IELTS candidates.

Band 9 Sample Essay

Income tax rates for wealthy individuals have long been debated, with valid arguments on both sides. While I believe progressive taxation is necessary, careful implementation is crucial to balance social equality and economic vitality.

Proponents of higher taxes for high earners present compelling arguments. Firstly, progressive taxation can redistribute wealth more effectively, funding essential public services and social programs that benefit lower-income groups. Additionally, it helps reduce the wealth gap, which has been linked to social instability and decreased economic mobility. For example, Nordic countries with progressive tax systems consistently rank among the most equitable societies globally.

However, critics raise legitimate concerns about economic consequences. High tax rates may discourage entrepreneurship and investment, potentially slowing economic growth. Wealthy individuals might also relocate to tax-friendly jurisdictions, resulting in capital flight. The United States experienced this phenomenon in the 1970s when extremely high marginal tax rates coincided with reduced economic dynamism.

In my view, moderate progressive taxation strikes the optimal balance. A well-designed system can reduce inequality while maintaining economic incentives. The key lies in setting reasonable rates that ensure high earners contribute fairly without crushing innovation and enterprise. Countries like Germany demonstrate how progressive taxation can support both social programs and robust economic growth.

Impact of income inequality on social cohesion shows why balanced solutions are crucial.

Progressive taxation and income inequality concept with tax brackets and social impact

Band 7 Sample Essay

The question of whether high-income earners should pay more taxes is widely debated. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my position.

Those supporting higher taxes for wealthy individuals make several points. First, it helps government collect more money for public services. Second, it makes society more fair by reducing the gap between rich and poor. For instance, many European countries use this system and have good public services.

On the other hand, some people worry about negative effects on the economy. High taxes might make successful people work less or move to other countries. Also, businesses might not want to invest if they have to pay too much tax. This could lead to fewer jobs and slower economic growth.

In my opinion, higher taxes for rich people are necessary but should be reasonable. The government needs money for important services, but taxes shouldn’t be so high that they harm the economy. A balanced approach would work best.

Key Vocabulary

1. Progressive taxation (n) /prəˈɡresɪv tækˈseɪʃən/ – Tax system where higher earners pay higher rates
2. Income inequality (n) /ˈɪnkʌm ɪnɪˈkwɒlɪti/ – Uneven distribution of earnings across population
3. Economic mobility (n) /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk məʊˈbɪləti/ – Ability to improve economic status
4. Capital flight (n) /ˈkæpɪtl flaɪt/ – Rapid movement of money out of a country
5. Marginal tax rate (n) /ˈmɑːdʒɪnl tæks reɪt/ – Tax on each additional dollar earned
6. Social cohesion (n) /ˈsəʊʃl kəʊˈhiːʒn/ – Unity between social groups
7. Wealth redistribution (n) /welθ ˌriːdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ – Transfer of wealth from rich to poor

Conclusion

Causes of income inequality and solutions remain crucial topics for IELTS candidates. Similar questions might ask about:

• Alternative methods of reducing income inequality
• Role of corporate taxation
• Impact of tax policies on social mobility

Practice writing your own response to this question and share it in the comments for feedback from fellow learners.