Air pollution is a pressing global issue that frequently appears in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. Based on past exam trends and the increasing importance of environmental topics, it’s highly likely that you’ll encounter a question related to air pollution in your IELTS test. Let’s explore this topic through a sample question and provide model essays to help you prepare effectively.
Analyzing the Task
Let’s consider the following IELTS Writing Task 2 question:
Air pollution is a serious problem in many countries. What are the causes of this problem and what measures can be taken to tackle it?
This question is a classic example of a problem-solution essay. It requires you to discuss the causes of air pollution and propose solutions to address it. Let’s break down the key elements:
- Causes of air pollution
- Measures to tackle the problem
Now, let’s look at two sample essays that address this question, targeting different band scores.
Sample Essay for Band 8-9
Air pollution has become a critical issue plaguing numerous nations worldwide, with far-reaching consequences for both human health and the environment. This essay will explore the primary causes of this pervasive problem and suggest practical measures to mitigate its effects.
The main contributors to air pollution are largely anthropogenic. Industrial emissions from factories and power plants release vast quantities of harmful gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere. Additionally, the exponential growth in vehicle usage has led to a significant increase in carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Urbanization and deforestation further exacerbate the issue by reducing natural air purification processes and increasing dust particles in the air.
To address these challenges, a multi-faceted approach is necessary. Governments should implement and enforce stricter regulations on industrial emissions, compelling companies to adopt cleaner technologies and filtration systems. Investing in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can substantially reduce reliance on fossil fuels and consequently decrease air pollution. Promoting sustainable urban planning with green spaces and efficient public transportation systems can help mitigate vehicular emissions and improve air quality in cities.
On an individual level, raising awareness about the impacts of air pollution and encouraging sustainable lifestyle choices can make a significant difference. This includes using public transport, carpooling, or opting for electric vehicles. Supporting reforestation initiatives and participating in local environmental projects can also contribute to long-term air quality improvement.
In conclusion, while the causes of air pollution are complex and deeply rooted in modern industrial and urban lifestyles, there are numerous viable solutions. By combining governmental regulations, technological innovations, and individual actions, we can work towards cleaner air and a healthier planet for future generations.
(Word count: 275)
Sample Essay for Band 6-7
Air pollution is a big problem in many countries today. This essay will discuss the main reasons for this issue and suggest some ways to solve it.
One of the main causes of air pollution is industrial activities. Factories and power plants release a lot of harmful gases into the air. Another important cause is transportation. Cars, buses, and trucks produce exhaust fumes that pollute the air. Also, cutting down trees for development reduces the natural air cleaning process.
To tackle this problem, there are several things we can do. First, governments should make stricter rules for industries to control their pollution. They should also encourage the use of clean energy like solar and wind power. In cities, improving public transport can help reduce the number of cars on the roads.
People can also help by making small changes in their daily lives. For example, using public transport or bicycles instead of cars can reduce air pollution. Planting more trees in communities can also help clean the air naturally.
In conclusion, air pollution is caused by various human activities, but there are ways to reduce it. If governments and individuals work together, we can make the air cleaner and healthier for everyone.
(Word count: 196)
Key Points to Remember When Writing
-
Structure: Both essays follow a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs addressing causes and solutions, and a conclusion. The Band 8-9 essay demonstrates more sophisticated paragraph development.
-
Vocabulary: The Band 8-9 essay uses more advanced vocabulary (e.g., “anthropogenic”, “mitigate”, “exacerbate”) compared to the simpler language in the Band 6-7 essay.
-
Grammar: The higher band essay employs a wider range of complex structures, while the lower band essay uses simpler sentence constructions.
-
Ideas development: The Band 8-9 essay provides more detailed explanations and examples, showing a deeper understanding of the topic.
-
Coherence and Cohesion: Both essays use appropriate linking words, but the higher band essay demonstrates more sophisticated cohesive devices.
Important Vocabulary to Remember
- Air pollution (noun) /eə pəˈluːʃn/ – contamination of the air by harmful substances
- Emissions (noun) /ɪˈmɪʃnz/ – the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation
- Particulate matter (noun) /pɑːˈtɪkjʊlət ˈmætə(r)/ – very small solid particles and liquid droplets in the air
- Urbanization (noun) /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ – the process of making an area more urban
- Deforestation (noun) /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ – the action of clearing a wide area of trees
- Renewable energy (noun) /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/ – energy from a source that is not depleted when used
- Sustainable (adjective) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – able to be maintained at a certain rate or level
- Mitigate (verb) /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ – make (something bad) less severe, serious, or painful
- Anthropogenic (adjective) /ˌænθrəpəˈdʒenɪk/ – originating in human activity
- Exacerbate (verb) /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/ – make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse
Conclusion
Addressing the challenges of air pollution is a crucial topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the causes and potential solutions, you can craft a well-structured and informative essay. Remember to practice writing essays on related topics, such as water pollution or reducing carbon emissions in urban areas, to broaden your knowledge and improve your writing skills.
We encourage you to practice writing an essay based on the question provided in this article. Share your essay in the comments section below for feedback and discussion. This active practice will significantly enhance your IELTS Writing skills and prepare you for success in your upcoming test.