The balance between economic growth and environmental protection is a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2. This topic has appeared frequently in past exams and is likely to continue being a popular subject due to its global relevance. Let’s explore this theme through sample essays for different band scores, focusing on a common question type related to this issue.
Economic Growth vs Environment
Analyzing the Question
Let’s consider the following IELTS Writing Task 2 question:
Some people believe that economic growth is the only way to end poverty and hunger in the world, while others say that economic growth is causing damage to the environment and should be stopped. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
This question presents two contrasting viewpoints:
- Economic growth is essential for addressing global poverty and hunger.
- Economic growth is harmful to the environment and should be halted.
The task requires you to discuss both perspectives and provide your own opinion. This type of question is common in IELTS Writing Task 2 and tests your ability to analyze complex issues, present balanced arguments, and express your own views clearly.
Sample Essays
Band 8 Essay
In the ongoing debate about global development, two opposing views have emerged regarding the role of economic growth. While some argue that it is the sole solution to eradicating poverty and hunger, others contend that it poses a significant threat to our environment. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint on this critical issue.
Those who advocate for unrestrained economic growth argue that it is the most effective means of lifting people out of poverty and addressing global hunger. They point to historical examples, such as China’s rapid economic development over the past few decades, which has successfully reduced poverty rates and improved living standards for millions. Moreover, proponents argue that economic growth leads to technological advancements and innovations that can, in turn, be used to address environmental concerns more effectively.
On the other hand, environmentalists and conservationists warn of the devastating impact that unchecked economic growth can have on our planet. They argue that the current model of growth, which often relies heavily on fossil fuels and resource exploitation, is unsustainable and is leading to irreversible damage to ecosystems, biodiversity loss, and climate change. These concerns are supported by scientific evidence, such as rising global temperatures and the alarming rate of species extinction.
In my opinion, while economic growth is undoubtedly crucial for improving living standards and reducing poverty, it must be pursued in a way that is environmentally sustainable. I believe that the solution lies in finding a balance between economic development and environmental protection through the concept of “green growth” or “sustainable development”. This approach involves investing in clean technologies, renewable energy sources, and circular economy practices that minimize waste and environmental impact.
Governments and international organizations should work together to create policies that incentivize sustainable business practices and penalize those that cause environmental harm. Additionally, there should be a greater focus on education and awareness programs to help individuals and communities understand the importance of balancing economic aspirations with environmental stewardship.
In conclusion, while economic growth is essential for addressing global poverty and hunger, it must not come at the cost of irreparable damage to our environment. By embracing sustainable development practices and fostering a global commitment to environmental protection, we can work towards a future that ensures both human prosperity and the long-term health of our planet.
(Word count: 367)
Band 7 Essay
The question of whether economic growth is the answer to world poverty and hunger or a threat to the environment is a complex one. This essay will discuss both viewpoints and provide my personal opinion on the matter.
Those who support economic growth as a solution to poverty argue that it creates jobs, increases incomes, and generates wealth that can be used to improve living conditions. They point to countries that have experienced rapid economic development and how this has led to better standards of living for their citizens. Furthermore, they believe that with more resources, nations can invest in better healthcare, education, and infrastructure, which are essential for reducing poverty and hunger.
On the other hand, environmentalists warn that unchecked economic growth is causing severe damage to our planet. They argue that many economic activities, such as industrial production and resource extraction, lead to pollution, deforestation, and climate change. These environmental problems can, in turn, exacerbate poverty and hunger by damaging agricultural land, causing natural disasters, and depleting natural resources that many poor communities rely on.
In my opinion, while economic growth is important for improving people’s lives, it should not come at the expense of the environment. I believe that we need to find a balance between economic development and environmental protection. This can be achieved through sustainable development practices that promote growth while minimizing environmental impact.
Governments and businesses should invest in clean technologies and renewable energy sources to reduce pollution and combat climate change. Additionally, there should be stricter regulations on industries to ensure they operate in an environmentally responsible manner. Education is also crucial in raising awareness about the importance of protecting the environment while pursuing economic goals.
In conclusion, economic growth and environmental protection are both important for addressing global challenges. By adopting a balanced approach that considers both aspects, we can work towards a future that is both prosperous and sustainable for all.
(Word count: 309)
Band 6 Essay
There are different opinions about economic growth and its effects on poverty and the environment. Some people think it’s the only way to solve poverty and hunger, while others believe it harms the environment and should be stopped. I will discuss both views and give my opinion.
People who support economic growth say it creates jobs and helps poor people earn money. When countries grow economically, they can build better schools and hospitals. This helps improve people’s lives and reduces poverty. For example, many Asian countries have grown their economies and now have less poverty than before.
However, other people worry about the damage economic growth causes to the environment. They say that factories and cars pollute the air and water. Cutting down forests for farming or building also harms nature and animals. These environmental problems can make life harder for poor people in the long run.
I think both sides have good points. Economic growth is important because it can help poor people live better lives. But we also need to protect the environment because it’s important for everyone’s future. I believe we should try to have economic growth that doesn’t harm the environment too much.
Governments should make rules to protect nature while allowing businesses to grow. They can encourage companies to use clean energy and recycle more. People should also learn about how to protect the environment in their daily lives.
In conclusion, economic growth and protecting the environment are both important. We need to find ways to have both so that we can end poverty and hunger without destroying nature.
(Word count: 259)
Analysis of the Sample Essays
Band 8 Essay Analysis
This essay demonstrates excellent writing skills and a sophisticated approach to the topic, warranting a Band 8 score:
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Task Response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, providing a well-developed response with relevant, extended, and supported ideas.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear progression throughout. It uses a range of cohesive devices effectively, such as “Moreover,” “On the other hand,” and “Additionally.”
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary used is sophisticated and precise, with phrases like “unrestrained economic growth,” “technological advancements,” and “irreversible damage to ecosystems.”
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a wide range of complex structures accurately, with only rare minor errors.
Band 7 Essay Analysis
This essay shows good writing skills but lacks some of the sophistication of the Band 8 essay:
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Task Response: The essay addresses all parts of the task and presents a clear position, but the ideas are less fully developed compared to the Band 8 essay.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized and cohesive, but the linking of ideas is less sophisticated than in the Band 8 essay.
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is appropriate and accurate, but less varied and sophisticated than in the Band 8 essay.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentence structures with good control, but lacks the range and flexibility of the Band 8 essay.
Band 6 Essay Analysis
This essay demonstrates an adequate attempt at the task but has several limitations:
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Task Response: The essay addresses the task, but some ideas are underdeveloped or lack specific examples.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is generally coherent, but the organization is less clear, and cohesive devices are less effectively used.
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is adequate for the task but lacks precision and sophistication. There is some repetition of words and phrases.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses mainly simple sentences with some attempts at complex structures. There are some grammatical errors, but they do not impede communication.
Key Vocabulary to Remember
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Economic growth (noun) – /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ɡrəʊθ/ – An increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time
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Environmental protection (noun) – /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl prəˈtekʃn/ – The practice of protecting the natural environment on individual, organizational or governmental levels
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Sustainable development (noun) – /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/ – Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources
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Biodiversity (noun) – /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ – The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat
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Ecosystem (noun) – /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/ – A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
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Renewable energy (noun) – /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/ – Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power
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Carbon footprint (noun) – /ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ – The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organization, or community
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Resource depletion (noun) – /rɪˈsɔːs dɪˈpliːʃn/ – The consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished
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Green technology (noun) – /ɡriːn tekˈnɒlədʒi/ – Technology that is considered environmentally friendly based on its production process or supply chain
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Circular economy (noun) – /ˈsɜːkjələr iˈkɒnəmi/ – An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources
Conclusion
Balancing economic growth and environmental protection is a crucial topic in IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the different perspectives and using appropriate vocabulary and structures, you can craft a well-argued essay that addresses this complex issue.
To further improve your skills, try writing your own essay on this topic or similar ones, such as:
- The role of government in promoting sustainable development
- The impact of technological advancements on environmental conservation
- The effectiveness of international agreements in addressing climate change
Remember to practice regularly and seek feedback on your writing. You can even share your practice essays in the comments section below for peer review and discussion. This active engagement will help you develop the skills needed to excel in IELTS Writing Task 2.
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