Economic development and environmental protection have long been considered conflicting goals. However, in recent years, the concept of sustainable development has gained traction, emphasizing the need to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. This topic has become increasingly relevant in IELTS Writing Task 2, reflecting its importance in global discussions.
Based on an analysis of past IELTS exams and current global trends, questions related to balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability are likely to appear frequently in future tests. Let’s examine a typical question on this topic and explore how to craft a high-scoring response.
Some people believe that economic growth is the only way to end poverty and hunger in the world, while others say that economic growth is causing damage to the environment and should be stopped. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Analyzing the Question
This question presents two contrasting viewpoints:
- Economic growth is necessary to eliminate poverty and hunger.
- Economic growth harms the environment and should be halted.
The task requires you to:
- Discuss both perspectives
- Provide your own opinion
It’s crucial to address all parts of the question and maintain a balanced approach while clearly stating your position.
Sample Essays
Band 8-9 Essay
In the ongoing debate about global development, some argue that economic growth is the sole solution to eradicating poverty and hunger, while others contend that it should be curtailed due to its detrimental environmental impact. While both viewpoints have merit, I believe that a balanced approach, focusing on sustainable development, is the most effective way forward.
Those who advocate for unrestrained economic growth argue that it creates jobs, increases income levels, and generates resources necessary for addressing social issues. They point to countries like China, where rapid economic expansion has lifted millions out of poverty in recent decades. Moreover, they contend that only through continued growth can we develop technologies and infrastructure required to tackle global challenges, including hunger and malnutrition.
On the other hand, critics of unchecked economic growth highlight its severe environmental consequences. They argue that the current model of growth, heavily reliant on fossil fuels and resource exploitation, is unsustainable and threatens the very foundations of our existence. Climate change, deforestation, and biodiversity loss are cited as direct results of our growth-oriented economic system. These environmental issues, they claim, will ultimately exacerbate poverty and hunger if left unchecked.
In my opinion, the solution lies in embracing sustainable development practices that balance economic progress with environmental stewardship. This approach involves investing in clean technologies, promoting circular economies, and prioritizing green infrastructure. By doing so, we can continue to grow economically while minimizing our ecological footprint. Countries like Denmark and Costa Rica have demonstrated that it is possible to achieve high living standards while maintaining strong environmental protections.
Furthermore, I believe that redefining our measures of progress beyond GDP to include environmental and social indicators is crucial. This shift would encourage policies that promote holistic well-being rather than focusing solely on economic output. Education and global cooperation will also play vital roles in transitioning to a more sustainable economic model.
In conclusion, while economic growth has been instrumental in reducing poverty, its environmental costs cannot be ignored. The path forward lies not in choosing between growth and sustainability, but in finding innovative ways to achieve both simultaneously. By adopting sustainable practices and redefining our concept of progress, we can work towards a future that ensures prosperity for all without compromising the health of our planet.
(Word count: 377)
Band 6-7 Essay
The question of whether economic growth is the solution to global poverty or a threat to the environment is a complex issue. Both sides have valid points, but I think we need to find a middle ground.
People who support economic growth say it’s necessary to end poverty and hunger. When the economy grows, it creates jobs and gives people more money. This means people can buy food and other things they need. We can see this in countries like China, where many people have better lives now because of economic growth. Also, when countries have more money, they can spend it on things like healthcare and education, which help reduce poverty.
However, others argue that economic growth is bad for the environment. They say that as we produce more things, we use up more natural resources and create more pollution. This leads to problems like climate change, which can actually make poverty worse in the long run. For example, when the environment is damaged, it can affect farming and cause food shortages.
In my opinion, we need to find a way to have economic growth without harming the environment too much. I think we should focus on “green” economic growth. This means using more renewable energy, like solar and wind power, instead of fossil fuels. We should also try to recycle more and waste less. Some countries are already doing this successfully.
It’s also important to remember that a healthy environment is necessary for long-term economic success. If we destroy the environment, it will eventually hurt the economy too. So, protecting the environment is not just good for nature, but also for our economic future.
To conclude, while economic growth is important for reducing poverty, we need to be careful about how we achieve it. By focusing on sustainable development, we can improve people’s lives without causing too much damage to the environment. This balanced approach is the best way to create a better future for everyone.
(Word count: 330)
Key Writing Tips
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Introduction: Clearly state the topic and your position. For higher band scores, avoid generic openings and dive straight into the issue.
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Body Paragraphs: For Band 8-9, ensure each paragraph has a clear central idea supported by specific examples. For Band 6-7, focus on presenting main ideas clearly, even if examples are more general.
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Vocabulary:
- Band 8-9: Use sophisticated vocabulary accurately. Example: “eradicating poverty” instead of “ending poverty”.
- Band 6-7: Use a range of vocabulary correctly, even if less advanced. Example: “reduce poverty” is acceptable.
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Grammar:
- Band 8-9: Demonstrate a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy.
- Band 6-7: Use a mix of simple and complex sentences with good control, though some errors may occur.
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Coherence and Cohesion:
- Band 8-9: Use a variety of cohesive devices skillfully. Paragraphs should flow seamlessly.
- Band 6-7: Use cohesive devices effectively, but may be less varied or sophisticated.
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Conclusion: Summarize your main points and clearly restate your position. Higher band scores should offer a more nuanced conclusion.
Essential Vocabulary
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Sustainable development (noun) /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/: Economic development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.
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Environmental stewardship (noun) /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl ˈstjuːərdʃɪp/: Responsible use and protection of the natural environment.
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Circular economy (noun) /ˈsɜːkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi/: An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and continual use of resources.
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Biodiversity (noun) /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/: The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.
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Ecological footprint (noun) /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈfʊtprɪnt/: The impact of human activities measured in terms of the area of biologically productive land and water required to produce the goods consumed and to assimilate the wastes generated.
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Renewable energy (noun) /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/: Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
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Climate change (noun) /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/: Long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns.
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Resource exploitation (noun) /rɪˈsɔːs ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/: The use of natural resources, often in a way that does not consider long-term sustainability.
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Green infrastructure (noun) /griːn ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/: A network providing the “ingredients” for solving urban and climatic challenges by building with nature.
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Holistic well-being (noun) /həˈlɪstɪk wel-ˈbiːɪŋ/: A comprehensive approach to health and happiness that considers the whole person – body, mind, and spirit.
Sustainable Development Illustration
In conclusion, mastering the art of discussing the balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability is crucial for success in IELTS Writing Task 2. This topic’s relevance extends beyond the exam, touching on critical global issues that will likely shape our future. As you practice, consider exploring related themes such as the role of governments in promoting sustainability, the impact of global trade on the environment, or the potential of renewable energy in driving economic growth.
To further enhance your skills, try writing your own essay on the given topic or a similar one. Share your attempt in the comments section for feedback and discussion. Remember, consistent practice and engagement with these complex ideas will not only improve your IELTS score but also deepen your understanding of crucial global challenges.
