IELTS Writing Task 2: Creating Sustainable Cities – A Comprehensive Guide

The topic of sustainable cities has become increasingly prevalent in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. Based on recent trends and the growing global focus on urban sustainability, it’s likely that this theme will continue to appear frequently in future tests. Let’s explore some real and potential IELTS questions related to sustainable urban development:

1. Some people believe that governments should focus on making cities more environmentally friendly rather than building new towns. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. Many cities around the world are growing in size. What problems does this create? What solutions can you suggest?

3. In many countries, cities are becoming overcrowded as people move from rural areas to find work. What problems arise from this situation, and what are some possible solutions?

For our sample essay, we’ll focus on the first question, as it directly addresses the concept of sustainable cities:

Some people believe that governments should focus on making cities more environmentally friendly rather than building new towns. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Analysis of the Question

This question asks for your opinion on whether governments should prioritize making existing cities more environmentally friendly over developing new towns. Key points to consider:

• The main focus is on government policy regarding urban development
• Two options are presented: improving existing cities vs. building new towns
• The environmental aspect is emphasized for existing cities
• You need to clearly state your position and provide supporting arguments

Sample Essays

Band 7-8 Essay

In an era of rapid urbanization and growing environmental concerns, the debate between improving existing cities and constructing new towns has gained significant attention. I strongly agree that governments should prioritize making current cities more environmentally friendly rather than investing in new urban developments. This approach not only addresses immediate environmental issues but also promotes sustainable long-term urban growth.

Firstly, focusing on existing cities is more resource-efficient and environmentally responsible. Retrofitting current urban areas with green technologies, such as renewable energy systems and efficient public transportation, can significantly reduce carbon emissions and improve air quality. For instance, cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam have successfully implemented extensive bicycle networks and pedestrian-friendly zones, drastically reducing their carbon footprint. This approach utilizes existing infrastructure, minimizing the need for new construction and the associated environmental impact.

Moreover, enhancing the sustainability of established cities can improve the quality of life for a larger population more quickly. Many urban centers already struggle with issues like pollution, inadequate green spaces, and inefficient energy use. By addressing these problems, governments can create immediate positive impacts on residents’ health and well-being. For example, Singapore’s transformation into a “City in a Garden” through extensive urban greening has not only improved air quality but also created a more livable environment for its citizens.

However, it is important to acknowledge that building new towns can sometimes offer opportunities to implement cutting-edge sustainable designs from the ground up. Nevertheless, this approach often requires extensive resources and may lead to the neglect of existing urban areas. Additionally, new towns may contribute to urban sprawl, potentially increasing overall environmental impact through increased transportation needs and land use.

In conclusion, while the development of new towns can offer some advantages, I believe that the benefits of focusing on making existing cities more environmentally friendly far outweigh those of building new urban areas. This strategy not only addresses immediate environmental concerns but also promotes efficient resource use and improves the quality of life for current urban dwellers. Governments should therefore prioritize sustainable retrofitting and improvement of existing cities to create a more environmentally responsible and livable urban future.

(Word count: 329)

Sustainable City Transformation

Band 6-7 Essay

In today’s world, many people think governments should make cities better for the environment instead of building new towns. I agree with this idea because it can help solve environmental problems faster and use resources more wisely.

One main reason to focus on existing cities is that it can quickly reduce pollution and save energy. Many cities already have problems like too much traffic and not enough green spaces. By adding things like better public transport and more parks, governments can make these cities cleaner and healthier quickly. For example, some cities have added bike lanes and electric buses, which help reduce air pollution.

Another advantage of improving current cities is that it can help more people have a better life. Many people already live in cities, so making these places better means helping a lot of people at once. This could include things like making buildings more energy-efficient or creating community gardens. These changes can make city life more comfortable and environmentally friendly for many residents.

However, some might argue that building new towns allows for better planning from the start. While this is true, it often costs more money and takes longer to see results. Also, building new towns might use up land that could be used for farming or left as natural areas.

In conclusion, I believe that making existing cities more environmentally friendly is better than building new towns. It’s a faster and more efficient way to help the environment and improve people’s lives. Governments should focus on upgrading current cities to create a more sustainable future for everyone.

(Word count: 262)

Writing Tips

1. Vocabulary: Use a range of environmental and urban planning terms. For Band 7-8, incorporate more sophisticated vocabulary and phrases. For Band 6-7, use simpler but still relevant terms.

2. Grammar:

   • Band 7-8: Use complex sentence structures, such as conditionals and relative clauses.
   • Band 6-7: Focus on correct use of simpler structures, with some attempts at more complex sentences.

3. Coherence and Cohesion:

   • Band 7-8: Use a variety of linking words and phrases to connect ideas smoothly.
   • Band 6-7: Use basic linking words consistently to show relationships between ideas.

4. Argument Development:

   • Band 7-8: Provide detailed explanations and specific examples to support your points.
   • Band 6-7: Present clear main ideas with some supporting details.

5. Task Response:

   • Both bands: Clearly state your position and address all parts of the question.

Key Vocabulary

1. Sustainable (adjective) /səˈsteɪnəbl/: Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

2. Urbanization (noun) /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/: The process of making an area more urban.

3. Retrofit (verb) /ˈretrəʊfɪt/: Add (a component or accessory) to something that did not have it when manufactured.

4. Carbon footprint (noun) /ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/: The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organization, or community.

5. Urban sprawl (noun) /ˈɜːbən sprɔːl/: The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

6. Renewable energy (noun) /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/: Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.

7. Livable (adjective) /ˈlɪvəbl/: Suitable for living in; habitable.

8. Green space (noun) /ɡriːn speɪs/: An area of grass, trees, or other vegetation set apart for recreational or aesthetic purposes in an urban environment.

Conclusion

The topic of creating sustainable cities is likely to remain relevant in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. To prepare effectively, practice writing essays on related themes such as:

• The role of technology in creating sustainable cities
• Balancing economic growth with environmental protection in urban areas
• The importance of public transportation in sustainable urban development
• Challenges of implementing green policies in rapidly growing cities

Remember to focus on clear argument structure, relevant examples, and appropriate use of vocabulary and grammar to achieve your target band score.