Climate change is a pressing global issue that has far-reaching economic implications. As an IELTS examiner and experienced tutor, I’ve noticed an increasing trend of questions related to this topic in recent IELTS Writing Task 2 exams. Based on my analysis of past papers and current global trends, I predict that questions about managing the economic effects of climate change will continue to appear frequently in future tests. Let’s explore this topic through sample essays and in-depth analysis to help you prepare for your IELTS Writing Task 2.
Analyzing the Task 2 Question
Let’s examine a typical IELTS Writing Task 2 question on this topic:
Climate change is having significant economic impacts globally. Some people believe that governments should bear the primary responsibility for managing these effects, while others argue that individuals and businesses should play a more active role. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
This question requires you to:
- Discuss the view that governments should be primarily responsible
- Discuss the view that individuals and businesses should play a more active role
- Provide your own opinion on the matter
Now, let’s look at sample essays for different band scores, starting with a high-scoring essay.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Climate change is undeniably one of the most pressing issues of our time, with far-reaching economic consequences that affect nations worldwide. While some argue that governments should shoulder the primary responsibility for managing these effects, others contend that individuals and businesses should take a more proactive role. In my opinion, a collaborative approach involving all sectors of society is essential to effectively address this complex challenge.
Those who advocate for government leadership in managing the economic impacts of climate change have valid reasons. Governments possess the resources, authority, and capacity to implement large-scale policies and initiatives that can significantly mitigate these effects. For instance, they can introduce carbon pricing mechanisms, invest in renewable energy infrastructure, and provide subsidies for green technologies. Moreover, governments can negotiate international agreements and coordinate global efforts to combat climate change, which is crucial given the transboundary nature of the issue.
On the other hand, proponents of increased individual and business involvement argue that these entities are equally important in the fight against climate change and its economic repercussions. Individuals can make conscious choices in their daily lives, such as reducing energy consumption, adopting sustainable transportation methods, and supporting eco-friendly products. Businesses, particularly large corporations, have the potential to drive innovation in clean technologies, implement sustainable practices throughout their supply chains, and influence consumer behavior through responsible marketing.
In my view, the most effective approach to managing the economic effects of climate change requires a synergistic effort from all sectors of society. While governments should indeed provide the overarching framework and incentives, individuals and businesses must actively participate in and support these initiatives. This collaborative model can create a multiplier effect, where government policies encourage individual and corporate action, which in turn generates public support for more ambitious climate policies.
To illustrate, consider the transition to renewable energy. Governments can set targets and provide subsidies, but the success of this transition largely depends on businesses investing in new technologies and individuals adopting these solutions in their homes and communities. Similarly, efforts to build climate-resilient infrastructure require government planning and funding, but also need the expertise of businesses and the cooperation of local communities.
In conclusion, while governments have a crucial role to play in managing the economic impacts of climate change, the complexity and scale of the challenge necessitate active involvement from individuals and businesses as well. By fostering a collaborative approach that leverages the strengths of each sector, we can more effectively mitigate the economic risks posed by climate change and build a more sustainable and resilient global economy.
(Word count: 407)
Analysis of Band 8-9 Essay
This essay demonstrates excellent qualities that justify a high band score:
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Task Response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, discussing both views and providing a clear personal opinion. It offers a nuanced perspective that acknowledges the importance of both government action and individual/business involvement.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized with clear paragraphing. Ideas flow logically, and cohesive devices are used effectively (e.g., “On the other hand,” “Moreover,” “To illustrate”).
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary used is sophisticated and precise (e.g., “transboundary nature,” “synergistic effort,” “multiplier effect”). The language is natural and idiomatic.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay demonstrates a wide range of complex structures used accurately. It includes a mix of simple and complex sentences, with no noticeable errors.
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Development of Ideas: Each main point is well-developed with relevant examples and explanations. The essay shows depth of thought and a mature understanding of the topic.
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
Climate change is having big economic impacts around the world. Some people think governments should be mainly responsible for dealing with these effects, while others believe individuals and businesses should do more. I will discuss both views and give my opinion.
Governments have important roles in managing the economic effects of climate change. They can make laws and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help industries adapt to new conditions. For example, governments can give money to farmers to use new technologies that save water or resist higher temperatures. They can also invest in renewable energy to create new jobs and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Governments have more power and resources than individuals or most businesses, so they can make bigger changes.
However, individuals and businesses also have important parts to play. People can change their habits to reduce their carbon footprint, like using public transport or buying energy-efficient appliances. These actions can save money and help the environment. Businesses can develop new products that are more environmentally friendly and find ways to use less energy in their operations. Some big companies are already leading the way in sustainable practices, which shows that businesses can make a real difference.
In my opinion, both governments and individuals/businesses need to work together to manage the economic effects of climate change. Governments should provide the framework and incentives, but individuals and businesses need to take action too. For example, if a government offers tax breaks for electric cars, it’s up to individuals to buy them and companies to produce them. This cooperation between all parts of society is necessary to create real change.
To conclude, while governments have a big responsibility in managing the economic impacts of climate change, individuals and businesses also have important roles. I believe that only by working together can we effectively address this global challenge and its economic consequences.
(Word count: 309)
Analysis of Band 6-7 Essay
This essay demonstrates good qualities that justify a band score of 6-7:
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Task Response: The essay addresses all parts of the task, discussing both views and providing a personal opinion. However, the ideas could be more fully developed.
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Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is generally well-organized with clear paragraphing. There is a logical progression of ideas, though the use of cohesive devices is somewhat limited.
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Lexical Resource: The vocabulary is appropriate and adequate for the task. There is some attempt at using less common vocabulary (e.g., “carbon footprint,” “sustainable practices”), but the range is more limited compared to the Band 8-9 essay.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay uses a mix of simple and complex sentences with generally good control. There are no major errors that impede communication.
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Development of Ideas: Main points are supported with relevant examples, but the depth of explanation and analysis is not as strong as in the higher band essay.
Key Vocabulary to Remember
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Climate change (noun) – /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ – Long-term alterations in temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.
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Economic impact (noun phrase) – /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈɪmpækt/ – The effect on economic factors such as employment, market growth, or inflation.
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Mitigation (noun) – /ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/ – The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
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Sustainability (noun) – /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ – The ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time.
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Renewable energy (noun phrase) – /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/ – Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
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Carbon footprint (noun phrase) – /ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ – The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organization, or community.
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Resilience (noun) – /rɪˈzɪliəns/ – The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.
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Incentive (noun) – /ɪnˈsentɪv/ – A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.
Conclusion
Managing the economic effects of climate change is a complex topic that requires a multifaceted approach. As we’ve seen in these sample essays, effective responses to this IELTS Writing Task 2 question should discuss the roles of both governments and individuals/businesses, while also providing a personal perspective on the most effective strategy.
To further prepare for your IELTS exam, consider practicing with these additional related topics:
- The economic benefits and challenges of transitioning to a green economy
- The role of international cooperation in addressing climate change’s economic impacts
- The potential economic opportunities arising from climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts
Remember, the key to success in IELTS Writing Task 2 is to practice regularly. Try writing your own essay on this topic and share it in the comments section below. This active practice will help you improve your writing skills and prepare you for success in your IELTS exam.
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