Mastering IELTS Writing Task 2: How to Manage the Ethical Implications of Gene Editing

Gene editing and its ethical implications have become increasingly prevalent topics in IELTS Writing Task 2 essays. This subject’s complexity and relevance to modern scientific advancements make it a prime candidate for testing candidates’ critical thinking and writing skills. In this article, we’ll explore a sample question, provide model essays for different band scores, and offer valuable insights to help you excel in your IELTS Writing Task 2.

Analyzing the Topic and Its Relevance

The ethical implications of gene editing have appeared in various forms in recent IELTS exams. This topic’s frequency is expected to increase due to rapid advancements in genetic technology and growing public interest. Let’s examine a question that closely resembles those seen in actual IELTS tests:

Some people believe that genetic engineering and gene editing technologies should be used to eliminate genetic diseases in humans. Others argue that this practice raises serious ethical concerns. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Dissecting the Question

This question requires you to:

1. Discuss the viewpoint supporting genetic engineering for eliminating diseases
2. Explore the ethical concerns raised by opponents
3. Present your own opinion on the matter

It’s crucial to address all parts of the question to achieve a high band score.

Ethical implications of gene editing

Model Essay for Band 8-9

Here’s a high-scoring sample essay that effectively addresses the question:

Gene editing technologies have sparked intense debate in recent years, with proponents highlighting their potential to eradicate genetic diseases, while critics warn of profound ethical implications. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint on this contentious issue.

Those in favor of using genetic engineering to eliminate hereditary diseases argue that it represents a groundbreaking opportunity to alleviate human suffering. By modifying genes responsible for conditions such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington’s disease, scientists could potentially prevent these illnesses from being passed on to future generations. This approach could dramatically improve quality of life for millions of people and reduce the economic burden of treating chronic genetic disorders on healthcare systems worldwide.

On the other hand, opponents raise valid ethical concerns about the practice of gene editing in humans. One primary argument is that altering the human genome could have unforeseen consequences, potentially introducing new genetic vulnerabilities or disrupting the delicate balance of our genetic makeup. Furthermore, there are fears that this technology could be misused to create “designer babies,” where parents select traits like intelligence or physical appearance, leading to increased societal inequality and discrimination based on genetic characteristics.

In my opinion, while the potential benefits of gene editing are undeniably significant, the ethical risks cannot be ignored. I believe that a cautious and regulated approach to genetic engineering is necessary. Research should continue, but with strict oversight and clear ethical guidelines to prevent misuse and ensure that the technology is used solely for medical purposes rather than enhancement. Additionally, there must be ongoing public dialogue and education about the implications of gene editing to ensure informed decision-making at both individual and societal levels.

In conclusion, the debate surrounding genetic engineering and its ethical implications is complex and multifaceted. While the potential to eliminate genetic diseases is a compelling argument, we must proceed with caution and establish robust ethical frameworks to guide the development and application of this powerful technology.

(Word count: 309)

Model Essay for Band 6-7

Here’s a sample essay that would typically score in the Band 6-7 range:

Genetic engineering and gene editing are new technologies that can change human DNA. Some people think we should use these to stop genetic diseases, but others worry about the ethics. This essay will look at both sides and give my opinion.

People who support genetic engineering say it can help stop serious diseases. If we can change the genes that cause illnesses like cystic fibrosis, we can make sure babies are born healthy. This would make life better for many families and save money on medical treatments.

However, there are also people who think gene editing is wrong. They worry that changing human DNA might have bad effects we don’t know about yet. Another problem is that rich people might use this technology to make “perfect” babies, which could lead to unfairness in society.

I think that gene editing could be very helpful, but we need to be careful. We should only use it to stop serious diseases and not for things like choosing how a baby looks. There should be strict rules about how genetic engineering can be used, and scientists should keep studying to make sure it’s safe.

In conclusion, genetic engineering has both good and bad points. It could help stop diseases, but we need to think carefully about the ethics. I believe we should use this technology, but only in a careful and controlled way.

(Word count: 218)

Key Considerations When Writing

1. Structure: Ensure your essay has a clear introduction, body paragraphs addressing both viewpoints, and a conclusion with your opinion.
2. Vocabulary: Use topic-specific vocabulary related to genetics and ethics. Higher band scores require more sophisticated and precise language use.
3. Grammar: Employ a range of sentence structures and tenses. Band 8-9 essays demonstrate more complex grammatical constructions.
4. Coherence and Cohesion: Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas smoothly. Higher band scores show more sophisticated linking devices.
5. Task Response: Fully address all parts of the question. Band 8-9 essays provide a more nuanced and in-depth analysis.

Essential Vocabulary for This Topic

1. Genetic engineering (noun) /dʒəˈnetɪk ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ – The manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology
2. Gene editing (noun) /dʒiːn ˈedɪtɪŋ/ – A type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism
3. Ethical implications (noun phrase) /ˈeθɪkəl ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃənz/ – The moral consequences or issues arising from a particular action or decision
4. Hereditary diseases (noun phrase) /hɪˈredɪtəri dɪˈziːzɪz/ – Medical conditions that are passed down from parents to children through genes
5. Designer babies (noun phrase) /dɪˈzaɪnə ˈbeɪbiz/ – Babies whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected through genetic engineering
6. CRISPR technology (noun) /ˈkrɪspə tekˈnɒlədʒi/ – A gene-editing tool that allows for precise modifications to DNA
7. Bioethics (noun) /ˌbaɪəʊˈeθɪks/ – The study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine
8. Genome (noun) /ˈdʒiːnəʊm/ – The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
9. Germline editing (noun phrase) /ˈdʒɜːmlaɪn ˈedɪtɪŋ/ – Genetic modifications that can be passed on to future generations
10. Somatic gene therapy (noun phrase) /səʊˈmætɪk dʒiːn ˈθerəpi/ – Gene therapy that targets non-reproductive cells and isn’t passed on to offspring

Conclusion

The ethical implications of gene editing represent a challenging yet fascinating topic for IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the key issues, using appropriate vocabulary, and structuring your essay effectively, you can craft a compelling response that demonstrates your critical thinking and writing skills.

To further enhance your preparation, consider practicing with similar topics such as:

• The role of government in regulating genetic research
• The impact of gene editing on future human evolution
• Ethical considerations in using gene editing for non-medical purposes

We encourage you to write your own essay on the topic provided in this article and share it in the comments section below. This practice will help you refine your skills and receive valuable feedback from fellow IELTS aspirants and instructors.

For more insights on related topics, you may find these articles helpful:

• Ethical Concerns in Biotechnology
• Ethical Implications of Human Genome Editing
• What Are the Ethical Implications of CRISPR Gene Editing Technology?

Remember, mastering IELTS Writing Task 2 requires consistent practice and a deep understanding of various topics. Keep exploring, writing, and refining your skills to achieve your desired band score.