Sustainable economic growth is a crucial topic in modern society, frequently appearing in IELTS Writing Task 2 questions. Based on recent trends, we can expect this theme to continue being a popular subject in future IELTS exams. Let’s explore a relevant question that has appeared in past IELTS tests and provide sample essays to help you prepare effectively.
Analyzing the Question
Some people think that economic growth is the only way to end hunger and poverty, while others believe that economic growth is damaging the environment. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
This question presents two contrasting viewpoints on economic growth:
- Economic growth as a solution to hunger and poverty
- Economic growth as harmful to the environment
The task requires you to discuss both perspectives and provide your own opinion. This is a classic example of an opinion essay where you need to consider multiple angles of a complex issue.
Sample Essay 1 (Band 8-9)
Economic growth has long been viewed as a panacea for societal ills, particularly hunger and poverty. However, this perspective is increasingly challenged by those who argue that unfettered economic expansion comes at a severe environmental cost. In my opinion, while economic growth is essential, it must be pursued sustainably to balance human needs with environmental preservation.
Proponents of economic growth as a solution to hunger and poverty argue that increased economic activity leads to job creation, higher incomes, and improved living standards. This viewpoint is supported by historical evidence, as many countries have successfully reduced poverty rates through periods of rapid economic development. For instance, China’s economic boom over the past few decades has lifted millions out of extreme poverty. Moreover, economic growth often correlates with advancements in agriculture and food distribution, directly addressing hunger issues.
On the other hand, critics contend that the relentless pursuit of economic growth has resulted in unprecedented environmental degradation. This perspective highlights the unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, increased pollution, and accelerated climate change as direct consequences of economic activities. The argument posits that continuing on this path will lead to long-term environmental damage that could ultimately exacerbate poverty and hunger through resource depletion and climate-related disasters.
In my view, the solution lies in promoting sustainable economic growth that aligns economic objectives with environmental stewardship. This approach involves investing in clean technologies, implementing stricter environmental regulations, and prioritizing circular economy principles. By doing so, we can harness the poverty-alleviating potential of economic growth while minimizing its environmental impact. Countries like Costa Rica and Sweden have demonstrated that it is possible to achieve high living standards and economic prosperity while maintaining a strong commitment to environmental protection.
In conclusion, while economic growth is indeed crucial for combating hunger and poverty, it must not come at the expense of our planet’s health. The challenge for policymakers and societies is to foster economic development that is both inclusive and environmentally sustainable, ensuring a balance between human progress and ecological preservation.
(Word count: 309)
Sustainable Economic Growth Infographic
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
The relationship between economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental protection is a complex issue that many people have different opinions about. In this essay, I will discuss both views and give my own perspective on this topic.
Some people believe that economic growth is the best way to solve problems like hunger and poverty. They think that when the economy grows, more jobs are created, and people can earn more money. This can help poor people to buy food and other things they need. For example, in many developing countries, economic growth has helped to reduce poverty rates. Also, when countries become richer, they can spend more money on things like education and healthcare, which can help to improve people’s lives.
However, other people argue that economic growth is bad for the environment. They say that as the economy grows, more natural resources are used up, and more pollution is created. This can lead to problems like deforestation, air and water pollution, and climate change. These environmental problems can actually make life harder for poor people in the long run, especially if they depend on natural resources for their livelihoods.
In my opinion, both sides have valid points, but I think the best solution is to find a way to have economic growth that doesn’t harm the environment. This is called sustainable development. It means using new technologies and better ways of doing things that can help the economy grow while also protecting nature. For instance, investing in renewable energy can create jobs and reduce pollution at the same time.
To conclude, while economic growth is important for fighting poverty and hunger, we need to make sure it doesn’t destroy the environment. Governments and businesses should work together to find ways to grow the economy in a sustainable way that benefits both people and the planet.
(Word count: 290)
Key Points to Remember When Writing
Structure: Both essays follow a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs discussing each viewpoint, the writer’s opinion, and a conclusion. This organization is crucial for achieving a high band score.
Vocabulary: The Band 8-9 essay uses more sophisticated vocabulary and phrases such as “panacea,” “unfettered economic expansion,” and “unprecedented environmental degradation.” The Band 6-7 essay uses simpler language but still maintains clarity.
Grammar: The higher band essay demonstrates a wider range of complex sentence structures, while the Band 6-7 essay uses mostly simple and compound sentences.
Cohesion: Both essays use appropriate linking words and phrases to connect ideas smoothly.
Task Response: Both essays address all parts of the question, but the Band 8-9 essay provides more detailed examples and a more nuanced opinion.
Challenging Vocabulary to Remember
- Panacea (noun) /ˌpænəˈsiːə/ – a solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases
- Unfettered (adjective) /ʌnˈfetəd/ – not confined or restricted
- Degradation (noun) /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/ – the process of becoming worse or less in quality
- Stewardship (noun) /ˈstjuːədʃɪp/ – the job of supervising or taking care of something
- Circular economy (noun phrase) /ˈsɜːkjələr iˈkɒnəmi/ – an economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources
- Inclusive (adjective) /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ – including all the services or items normally expected or required
- Alleviate (verb) /əˈliːvieɪt/ – make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe
- Exploitation (noun) /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ – the action of making use of and benefiting from resources
Conclusion
Understanding how to write about sustainable economic growth is crucial for IELTS success, as this topic frequently appears in Writing Task 2 questions. Practice writing essays on related themes such as:
- The role of government in promoting sustainable development
- Balancing economic growth with environmental protection in developing countries
- The impact of technological advancements on sustainable economic growth
Remember to structure your essays clearly, use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, and provide relevant examples to support your arguments. Feel free to practice writing an essay on the given topic and share it in the comments section for feedback and discussion. This active practice will significantly improve your IELTS writing skills.