Economic inequality is a pressing global issue, and progressive taxation is often proposed as a solution. This topic has appeared in IELTS Writing Task 2 exams and is likely to remain relevant. Let’s explore a sample question and provide model essays to help you prepare for this challenging subject.
Progressive Taxation to Reduce Economic Inequality
Analyzing the Question
Let’s examine a typical IELTS Writing Task 2 question on this topic:
Some people believe that governments should use progressive taxation to reduce economic inequality in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
This question requires you to:
- Understand the concept of progressive taxation
- Consider its potential impact on economic inequality
- Form an opinion on its effectiveness
- Provide supporting arguments and examples
Model Essay 1: Band 8-9 Response
Here’s a high-scoring sample essay:
Economic disparity is a growing concern in many countries, and the implementation of progressive taxation as a means to address this issue has gained significant attention. While some argue that this approach may discourage economic growth, I firmly believe that progressive taxation is an effective tool for reducing inequality and creating a more balanced society.
Firstly, progressive taxation ensures that those with higher incomes contribute a larger proportion of their earnings to support societal needs. This approach aligns with the principle of social responsibility, as individuals who have benefited more from society’s structures are expected to give back accordingly. For instance, in Scandinavian countries, where progressive tax rates are notably high, the income gap is significantly smaller compared to nations with less progressive tax systems.
Moreover, the revenue generated through progressive taxation can be strategically invested in public services and social programs that benefit the entire population, particularly those in lower-income brackets. This redistribution of wealth can lead to improved access to education, healthcare, and social support systems, which are crucial for breaking the cycle of poverty and reducing long-term economic inequality. The United Kingdom’s National Health Service, funded largely through progressive taxation, is a prime example of how this approach can provide essential services to all citizens regardless of their economic status.
Critics may argue that high tax rates on top earners could stifle innovation and economic growth. However, historical evidence suggests otherwise. The United States experienced some of its most prosperous periods during times of high progressive tax rates, such as in the post-World War II era. This demonstrates that economic growth and progressive taxation are not mutually exclusive.
In conclusion, while progressive taxation alone may not completely eradicate economic inequality, it is a powerful and necessary tool for creating a more equitable society. By ensuring that the wealthy contribute their fair share and using these funds to support essential services and opportunities for all, governments can effectively work towards reducing the wealth gap and fostering a more inclusive economy.
(Word count: 309)
Analysis of Band 8-9 Essay
This essay demonstrates several key features that contribute to its high band score:
- Clear position: The writer clearly agrees with the use of progressive taxation to reduce inequality.
- Well-developed arguments: Each paragraph presents a strong point supported by specific examples.
- Cohesion and coherence: Ideas flow logically, with effective use of linking words and phrases.
- Lexical resource: The essay uses a wide range of vocabulary accurately and appropriately.
- Grammatical range and accuracy: Complex sentence structures are used correctly throughout.
- Task response: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, providing a well-balanced argument.
Model Essay 2: Band 6-7 Response
Here’s a mid-range sample essay:
In today’s world, the gap between rich and poor is getting bigger in many countries. Some people think that governments should use progressive taxation to make society more equal. I partly agree with this idea, but I think it’s not the only solution.
Progressive taxation means that people who earn more money pay a higher percentage of their income as tax. This can help reduce inequality in several ways. Firstly, it makes rich people contribute more to the government’s budget. This money can then be used for things that help everyone, like schools and hospitals. For example, in countries like Sweden, where they have high taxes for rich people, they also have very good public services that everyone can use.
However, there are some problems with using only progressive taxation to solve inequality. Some people argue that it’s not fair to take more money from those who work hard and earn more. They say it might make people less motivated to work hard or start businesses. Also, very rich people might find ways to avoid paying taxes, like moving their money to other countries with lower tax rates.
I think progressive taxation can be part of the solution, but governments should also do other things to reduce inequality. They should focus on providing good education for everyone, so that more people have the chance to get good jobs. They should also make sure that big companies pay fair wages to their workers. Another important thing is to create more job opportunities in poorer areas.
In conclusion, while progressive taxation can help reduce economic inequality, it should be used along with other policies. Governments need to take a balanced approach, using taxation and other methods to create a fairer society without discouraging hard work and economic growth.
(Word count: 295)
Analysis of Band 6-7 Essay
This essay demonstrates several features typical of a Band 6-7 response:
- Clear position: The writer partially agrees with the statement.
- Argument development: The essay presents both advantages and disadvantages of progressive taxation.
- Examples: Some examples are provided, but they could be more specific and detailed.
- Cohesion: The essay uses some linking words, but the flow could be improved.
- Vocabulary: A mix of simple and more complex vocabulary is used.
- Grammar: Mostly accurate, with some attempts at complex structures.
- Task response: The essay addresses the main parts of the task, but the argument could be more fully developed.
Key Vocabulary to Remember
Progressive taxation (noun): A tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.
Pronunciation: /prəˈɡresɪv tækˈseɪʃən/Economic inequality (noun phrase): The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.
Pronunciation: /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˌɪnɪˈkwɒlɪti/Redistribution (noun): The transfer of income or wealth from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation.
Pronunciation: /ˌriːdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/Social responsibility (noun phrase): The idea that individuals and companies have a duty to act in the best interests of their environment and society as a whole.
Pronunciation: /ˈsəʊʃəl rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪlɪti/Stifle (verb): To prevent or constrain something.
Pronunciation: /ˈstaɪfəl/Eradicate (verb): To completely get rid of something.
Pronunciation: /ɪˈrædɪkeɪt/Equitable (adjective): Fair and impartial.
Pronunciation: /ˈekwɪtəbəl/Inclusive economy (noun phrase): An economy that creates opportunities for all segments of the population.
Pronunciation: /ɪnˈkluːsɪv ɪˈkɒnəmi/
Conclusion
The topic of reducing economic inequality through progressive taxation is likely to remain relevant in IELTS Writing Task 2. To prepare, practice writing essays on related themes such as:
- The role of government in addressing income inequality
- The impact of education on reducing economic disparities
- Balancing economic growth with social equality
Remember to analyze the question carefully, plan your essay structure, and use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Practice regularly and don’t hesitate to share your essays in the comments section below for feedback and discussion. This active engagement will help you improve your writing skills and prepare effectively for the IELTS exam.
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