Climate change and its impact on global migration patterns have become increasingly prevalent topics in IELTS Writing Task 2. This essay question has appeared multiple times in recent years, reflecting its growing importance in contemporary discussions. As climate change continues to affect communities worldwide, it’s likely that this topic will remain relevant in future IELTS exams. Let’s explore a typical question on this subject and analyze sample essays for different band scores.
Analyzing the Question
Some people think that climate change is the main factor causing migration in many parts of the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
This question asks for your opinion on whether climate change is the primary driver of migration globally. To answer effectively, you should:
- Clearly state your position (agree, disagree, or partially agree)
- Provide reasons and examples to support your stance
- Consider counterarguments if appropriate
- Conclude by summarizing your main points
Now, let’s look at sample essays for different band scores.
Sample Essay for Band 8
Climate change has emerged as a significant global challenge, and its impact on human migration patterns is a topic of intense debate. While I agree that climate change is indeed a major factor driving migration in many parts of the world, I believe it is not the sole cause but rather one of several interconnected factors contributing to this complex phenomenon.
Undoubtedly, climate change is forcing many people to leave their homes and seek refuge elsewhere. Rising sea levels, more frequent and severe natural disasters, and changing weather patterns are making certain areas uninhabitable or unsuitable for agriculture. For instance, low-lying island nations in the Pacific, such as Kiribati and Tuvalu, are facing existential threats due to rising sea levels, compelling their populations to consider relocation. Similarly, prolonged droughts in sub-Saharan Africa have led to crop failures and water scarcity, pushing rural communities to migrate to urban areas or neighboring countries in search of better opportunities.
However, it would be an oversimplification to attribute all migration solely to climate change. Other factors, such as economic disparities, political instability, and conflict, also play crucial roles in driving migration. Often, these factors are intertwined with climate change, creating a complex web of motivations for migration. For example, in Syria, while drought exacerbated by climate change contributed to rural-urban migration and social unrest, it was the subsequent political conflict that led to mass exodus from the country.
Moreover, it is important to recognize that not all climate-related migration is international or permanent. Many people affected by climate change engage in internal or temporary migration as adaptive strategies. Seasonal migration in response to changing rainfall patterns or circular migration between rural and urban areas are examples of how communities are adapting to environmental changes without necessarily abandoning their homes permanently.
In conclusion, while climate change is undeniably a significant driver of migration in many parts of the world, it is part of a broader, multifaceted picture. To fully understand and address global migration patterns, we must consider the interplay between climate change and other social, economic, and political factors. This holistic approach is essential for developing effective policies to manage migration and support vulnerable communities in the face of environmental challenges.
Word count: 358
Analysis of Band 8 Essay
This essay demonstrates the qualities expected of a Band 8 response:
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Task Achievement: The essay fully addresses all parts of the task, presenting a clear position with a nuanced view of the issue.
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Coherence and Cohesion: Ideas are logically organized with clear progression throughout. Paragraphs are well-linked, and cohesive devices are used effectively.
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Lexical Resource: A wide range of vocabulary is used accurately and appropriately. Complex ideas are expressed with precision.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: A wide range of structures is used flexibly and accurately. Error-free sentences are frequent, with only rare minor errors.
Key strengths of this essay include:
- A balanced view that acknowledges climate change as a major factor while considering other influences
- Specific examples (Kiribati, Tuvalu, Syria) to support arguments
- Discussion of different types of migration (international, internal, temporary)
- Sophisticated vocabulary and complex sentence structures
Sample Essay for Band 7
Climate change has become a pressing global issue, and its impact on human migration is increasingly evident. While I agree that climate change is a significant factor causing migration in many parts of the world, I believe it is not the only cause but one of several important factors.
Climate change is undoubtedly forcing many people to leave their homes and seek new places to live. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities and island nations, while more frequent and severe natural disasters like hurricanes and floods make some areas unsafe. For example, in Bangladesh, many people have had to move from low-lying areas to cities because of flooding caused by climate change. In addition, changing weather patterns affect agriculture, leading to food shortages and pushing farmers to migrate to find better opportunities.
However, it would be incorrect to say that climate change is the only reason for migration. Other factors such as economic problems, political conflicts, and the search for better education or healthcare also play important roles in people’s decisions to move. Often, these factors work together with climate change to cause migration. For instance, in some African countries, drought caused by climate change has led to crop failures, but it is the combination of this environmental problem with existing poverty and lack of government support that ultimately forces people to migrate.
It’s also worth noting that not all migration caused by climate change involves crossing borders. Many people move within their own countries, either temporarily or permanently, to adapt to changing environmental conditions. This kind of internal migration is an important way that communities are dealing with the effects of climate change.
In conclusion, while climate change is certainly a major factor causing migration in many parts of the world, it is not the only one. To fully understand and address global migration patterns, we need to consider how climate change interacts with other social, economic, and political factors. This comprehensive approach is necessary for developing effective policies to manage migration and help vulnerable communities affected by environmental changes.
Word count: 329
Analysis of Band 7 Essay
This essay demonstrates the qualities expected of a Band 7 response:
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Task Achievement: The essay addresses all parts of the task and presents a clear position, though with less nuance than the Band 8 essay.
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Coherence and Cohesion: Ideas are logically organized and paragraphs are generally well-linked, though cohesive devices are less varied than in the Band 8 essay.
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Lexical Resource: A sufficient range of vocabulary is used appropriately, with some evidence of style and collocation.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: A variety of complex structures is used with good control, though some errors occur in more complex sentences.
Key strengths of this essay include:
- A clear position that acknowledges multiple factors influencing migration
- Use of examples (Bangladesh, African countries) to support arguments
- Discussion of internal migration as well as international migration
- Generally good use of vocabulary and sentence structures
Sample Essay for Band 6
Climate change is a big problem in the world today, and many people think it is the main reason why people are moving from one place to another. I partly agree with this idea because climate change is important, but I think there are other reasons too.
Climate change is making some places hard to live in, so people have to move. For example, some islands are going underwater because the sea level is rising. Also, there are more storms and floods in some countries, which destroy homes and farms. When this happens, people have to find new places to live and work. In Africa, some farmers can’t grow crops anymore because it doesn’t rain enough, so they move to cities to find jobs.
But climate change is not the only reason why people move. Some people move because they want to find better jobs or earn more money. Others move because there is war or fighting in their country. And some people move to study in better schools or universities. So, there are many different reasons why people decide to move to new places.
Sometimes, climate change and other problems happen together. For example, in a poor country, climate change might make it hard to grow food. But if the country is already poor and doesn’t have money to help farmers, then more people will have to move. So it’s not just because of climate change, but also because of poverty.
In conclusion, I think climate change is an important reason why people are moving in many parts of the world, but it’s not the only reason. There are many other things that make people want to move too. To understand why people are moving, we need to look at all these different reasons together.
Word count: 295
Analysis of Band 6 Essay
This essay demonstrates the qualities expected of a Band 6 response:
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Task Achievement: The essay addresses the task and presents a clear position, but the ideas are less developed compared to higher band scores.
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Coherence and Cohesion: There is a clear overall progression, but paragraphing and cohesive devices are less skillfully managed than in higher band essays.
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Lexical Resource: An adequate range of vocabulary is used for the task, but there is less precision and sophistication compared to Band 7 and 8 essays.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy: A mix of simple and complex sentence forms is used, but errors are more frequent than in higher band essays.
Key strengths of this essay include:
- A clear position that acknowledges multiple factors
- Use of some examples to support arguments
- Attempt to discuss the interaction between climate change and other factors
Areas for improvement:
- More detailed examples and explanations
- More sophisticated vocabulary and complex sentence structures
- Better use of cohesive devices to link ideas
Key Vocabulary for Climate-Induced Migration Essays
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Climate change (noun) /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/: Long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns.
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Migration (noun) /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/: The movement of people from one place to another.
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Displacement (noun) /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/: The forced movement of people from their home or country.
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Adaptation (noun) /ædæpˈteɪʃn/: The process of changing to suit different conditions.
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Resilience (noun) /rɪˈzɪliəns/: The ability to recover quickly from difficulties.
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Vulnerability (noun) /ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/: The quality of being easily hurt or attacked.
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Mitigation (noun) /ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/: The action of reducing the severity or seriousness of something.
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Environmental degradation (noun phrase) /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/: The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources.
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Sustainable development (noun phrase) /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.
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Climate refugees (noun phrase) /ˈklaɪmət ˈrefjuˌdʒiz/: People forced to leave their home region due to sudden or long-term changes to their local environment.
Conclusion
Climate-induced migration is a complex and increasingly relevant topic for IELTS Writing Task 2. By understanding the nuances of this issue and practicing with sample essays of different band scores, you can improve your ability to tackle this and similar questions effectively.
To further enhance your skills, try writing your own essay on this topic:
Climate change is forcing millions of people to leave their homes. What measures can governments and individuals take to address this growing problem?
Feel free to share your essay in the comments section below for feedback and discussion. Remember, regular practice is key to improving your IELTS writing skills!
For more information on how climate change affects migration patterns, check out our article on the effect of climate change on global migration.