Urban sprawl and its environmental impacts have become increasingly prominent topics in IELTS Writing Task 2 essays. This subject frequently appears in exams, reflecting its global relevance. Based on recent trends, we can expect to see more questions addressing urban expansion and ecological consequences in future IELTS tests. Let’s explore a typical example and provide comprehensive sample essays to help you prepare effectively.
Analyzing the Task
Some people say that the main environmental problem of our time is the loss of particular species of plants and animals. Others say that there are more important environmental problems. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
This question indirectly relates to urban sprawl’s environmental impact, as habitat loss due to urbanization is a major cause of species extinction. The task requires you to:
- Discuss the view that species loss is the main environmental problem
- Explore other significant environmental issues
- Present and justify your own opinion
Remember to address all parts of the question and provide a balanced argument.
Urban sprawl impact on environment
Sample Essay 1 (Band 7-8)
Urban expansion and its ecological ramifications have sparked debates about the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. While some argue that the extinction of plant and animal species is the paramount issue, others contend that there are more critical environmental concerns. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.
Those who prioritize species loss as the primary environmental problem have valid reasons for their concern. The extinction of flora and fauna can disrupt entire ecosystems, leading to unforeseen consequences that ripple through food chains and biodiversity. For instance, the decline of bee populations threatens not only honey production but also the pollination of crops essential for human sustenance. Moreover, the loss of certain species may deprive us of potential medicinal discoveries, as many pharmaceutical breakthroughs have roots in natural compounds found in plants and animals.
However, proponents of the opposing view argue that there are more urgent environmental issues to address. Climate change, for example, poses an existential threat to not just individual species but entire habitats and human civilizations. The rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and sea-level rise associated with climate change have far-reaching implications for agriculture, water resources, and human settlements. Additionally, air and water pollution directly impact human health and quality of life, causing respiratory diseases and contaminating vital resources.
In my opinion, while the loss of species is undoubtedly a serious concern, it is symptomatic of broader environmental problems rather than the root cause. I believe that habitat destruction, primarily driven by urban sprawl and deforestation, is the most critical environmental issue. This process not only leads to species extinction but also contributes to climate change by reducing carbon sinks and altering local weather patterns. Addressing habitat loss would simultaneously tackle multiple environmental challenges, including species conservation, climate regulation, and the preservation of essential ecosystem services.
In conclusion, while the extinction of plant and animal species is a significant environmental problem, it is part of a larger ecological crisis. Focusing on habitat preservation and sustainable urban development would be a more comprehensive approach to addressing the multifaceted environmental challenges we face today. (329 words)
Sample Essay 2 (Band 6-7)
There is a debate about what is the biggest environmental problem today. Some people think it’s the loss of certain plants and animals, while others believe there are more important issues. This essay will look at both sides and give my opinion.
Those who say losing species is the main problem have good reasons. When plants and animals die out, it can cause problems for the whole environment. For example, if bees disappear, many plants won’t get pollinated, which could affect our food supply. Also, some animals or plants might have ingredients that could be used for new medicines, so losing them means we might miss out on important discoveries.
On the other hand, people who think there are bigger problems also make good points. Climate change is a huge issue that affects everything on Earth. It causes extreme weather, makes sea levels rise, and can harm agriculture. Another big problem is pollution. Dirty air and water make people sick and can kill fish and other animals.
In my view, while losing species is serious, I think there are more important environmental problems. I believe that destroying natural habitats is the biggest issue. When we cut down forests or build cities in new areas, we not only kill plants and animals but also contribute to climate change and pollution. If we focus on protecting habitats, we can solve many environmental problems at once.
To sum up, although the loss of species is a big concern, I think it’s part of a bigger problem. By focusing on protecting natural areas and stopping them from being destroyed, we can help solve many environmental issues, including saving endangered species. (269 words)
Key Points to Remember When Writing
-
Structure: Ensure your essay has a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific point.
-
Vocabulary: Use a range of vocabulary related to the environment. For higher band scores, incorporate less common words and phrases accurately.
-
Grammar: Demonstrate a variety of sentence structures. For band 7-8, use complex sentences with appropriate linking words.
-
Task Response: Address all parts of the question. Give balanced consideration to both viewpoints before stating your own opinion.
-
Coherence and Cohesion: Use paragraphing effectively and employ a range of cohesive devices to link ideas within and between paragraphs.
Important Vocabulary to Remember
- Urban sprawl (noun) /ˈɜːrbən sprɔːl/ – the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas
- Biodiversity (noun) /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ – the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat
- Ecosystem (noun) /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ – a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
- Habitat destruction (noun phrase) /ˈhæbɪtæt dɪˈstrʌkʃən/ – the process by which natural habitat is damaged or destroyed
- Deforestation (noun) /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ – the action of clearing a wide area of trees
- Sustainability (noun) /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ – the ability to maintain at a certain rate or level
- Conservation (noun) /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ – preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment
- Pollution (noun) /pəˈluːʃn/ – the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects
- Climate change (noun phrase) /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ – long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns
- Ecological footprint (noun phrase) /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈfʊtprɪnt/ – the impact of human activities measured in terms of the area of biologically productive land and water required to produce the goods consumed and to assimilate the wastes generated
Conclusion
The impact of urban sprawl on the environment is a complex and multifaceted issue that is likely to continue appearing in IELTS Writing Task 2. To prepare effectively, practice writing essays on related topics such as:
- The balance between urban development and environmental protection
- Solutions to reduce the negative impacts of urbanization on wildlife
- The role of city planning in creating sustainable urban environments
- The effects of population growth on natural resources and habitats
Remember to stay informed about current environmental issues and practice using relevant vocabulary and complex grammatical structures in your essays. This will help you tackle any question on this topic with confidence and precision.